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authorJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
committerJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
commit97d5c458cfa039d857301e1ca7d5af3beb37131d (patch)
treeb460cd850d0537eb71806ba30358840377b27688 /static/v10/man6/atc.6
parentb89dc2331a50c63f8b33272a5c4c61ab98abdaa3 (diff)
build: Better Build System
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-.TH ATC 6
-.CT 1 games
-.SH NAME
-atc \- air traffic controller
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B /usr/games/atc
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Atc
-presents air traffic on a cursor-controlled screen.
-As the controller, you must shepherd it safely through the air space.
-At the beginning of the game
-.I atc
-displays the takeoff/landing direction for each airport and
-prompts for the game duration with:
-.LR "< >" .
-Enter a number from 16 simulated minutes (hard) to 99 (easier)
-.PP
-Options are
-.TP "\w'-m=file 'u"
-.BI \-u= file
-Take airspace description from
-.I file.
-.PD0
-.TP
-.BI \-a= name
-use the named airspace; default is
-.LR Apple1 .
-.TP
-.BI \-s= seed
-for a 32-bit random number generator
-.TP
-.BI \-t= time
-Preset the game duration.
-.TP
-.BI \-p= file
-save the play of the game in the named file
-.TP
-.BI \-m= file
-play a `movie' of the saved game
-.PD
-.PP
-In the display of the airspace
-.ig
-.ne24
-.IP
-.ta +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC +1vC
-.EX
-\&. 0 . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-\&. . , . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-\&. . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
-\&. . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
-\&. . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
-\&. . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . .
-\&. . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . , . . . .
-\&6 , , , , , , , * , , , , , , , , , , , , , 3
-\&. . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . , . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , . , . . . . , . . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , . . , . . % . . . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , . . . , , . . . . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , . . . , , . . . . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , . . , . . , . . . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , . , . . . . , . . . . . . .
-\&. . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . , . . . . . .
-\&4 , , , , , , , * , , , , , # , , , , , , , 5
-\&. . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . , . . . .
-\&. . . . . . , . , . . . . . . . . . . , . . .
-\&. . . . . , . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . .
-\&. . . . , . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . , .
-\&. . . , . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
-\&. . 7 . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-.EE
-.DT
-.tc
-.LP
-..
-.B % and
-.B #
-denote airports;
-.B *
-and
-.B !
-denote navigational aids (navaids); and
-commas denote airways that link numbered entry/exit `fixes',
-airports, and navaids.
-Dots are separated by one mile, horizontally, vertically, and diagonally.
-An airplane appears as a letter followed by its height in thousands of feet.
-.PP
-There are two kinds of planes: jets flying 1 mile per tick (15 seconds)
-and props flying 1/2 mile per tick.
-.PP
-You must prevent various misfortunes.
-Running out of fuel is serious.
-So is a close encounter \- less than 3 miles horizontal separation
-at a given altitude.
-A plane
-changing altitude is considered to be at both its old and new
-altitudes.
-A `boundary error',
-leaving the airspace at the wrong place, not on an airway, or
-at the wrong height, is also serious, but not as likely to be fatal.
-.PP
-The right side of the screen shows flight plans.
-A typical
-flight strip looks like:
-.br
-.B " Fj 7\->3 4 NE +"
-.br
-The first letter is the aircraft name,
-the next letter is
-.L j
-for jet or
-.L p
-for prop.
-The next field gives the plane's intentions: this one is
-entering at (or is now at) fix 7 and leaving at fix 3.
-The origin character tells where
-the plane is (or will be when it enters), the destination is a fix
-it wishes to go to.
-(It will, however, continue on a straight path unless instructed
-otherwise.)
-Next is the altitude, in this case 4000 feet.
-The bearing is a compass direction:
-.LR N ,
-.LR NE ,
-etc.
-The final character is the amount of fuel left,
-.L +
-for more than 10 minutes, otherwise
-the number of minutes of fuel remaining.
-Jets begin with 15 minutes of fuel, props 21.
-.PP
-At the top of the flight plans are listed planes that will
-appear in the next minute, preceded by how many ticks (0-4)
-they are away.
-Planes may be
-cleared for takeoff as soon as they are listed.
-.PP
-Commands are terminated by newline.
-Backspace may be used to correct errors.
-The following kinds of commands can be issued.
-.IP $ \n()Mu
-End the game (game normally ends after 26 planes)
-.PD0
-.TP "\w'ALNW 'u"
-.B W
-Print flight plan for airplane
-.B W
-.TP
-.B XA3
-.B X
-will change altitude to 3000 feet
-.TP
-QA0
-.B Q
-will land (go to 0 feet altitude)
-.Tp
-.B HRE
-.B H
-will turn right until it is heading east
-.TP
-.B ALNW
-.B A
-will turn left until it is heading northwest
-.TP
-.B CTS
-.B C
-will turn south through the smallest angle
-.TP
-.B T*7
-.B T
-will take exit bearing for fix 7 at next navaid
-.TP
-.B P*%
-.B P
-will take landing bearing for
-.B %
-at next navaid
-.TP
-.B DH
-.B D
-will circle (hold) at next navaid
-.TP
-.B MR0
-Abort pending hold, clearance, or turn for plane
-.B M
-.TP
-.B J?
-Cancel delayed commands for
-.B J
-.TP
-space
-Speed up the game by advancing 15 seconds
-.PD
-.PP
-.I Climbing/descending.
-Planes climb or descend 1000 feet per mile.
-Climbing from 0 is a takeoff; descending to 0 is a landing.
-The takeoff/landing direction for each airport is given.
-A landing airplane must reach altitude 0 headed in the right
-direction 1 mile before the runway.
-No further commands may be given after a descent to 0,
-as control then
-rests with the tower.
-If a plane lands
-from the wrong direction, it will climb to 1000 feet
-and issue a `go around' error.
-While changing altitude, a flight strip reads like
-.br
-.B " Dp :\->2 7v3 S 9"
-.br
-which means at 7000 feet descending to 3000.
-.PP
-.I Turning.
-Planes turn 45 degrees per mile.
-Turns may be left
-.L L
-right
-.L R
-or to a specified direction
-.LR T .
-Thus
-.L ULNE
-tells plane
-.B U
-to turn to his left until it is heading
-northeast.
-Changes of direction are indicated in the flight strip:
-.br
-.B " Nj :\->5 5 S r W +"
-.br
-indicates that jet
-.B N
-is heading south, and will turn 90 degrees to the
-right.
-To cancel the remaining part of this turn, give the command
-N)
-.LR NR0 .
-.ig
-The Ann Arbor keypad used for +/- PAGE, cursor motion, etc., may be used to
-supply the new bearing. The usual N/S/E/W correspondence is used:
- ----------------
- |-PAG|HOME|+PAG|
- | NW | N | NE |
- |----+----+----|
- |-SCH| UP |+SCH|
- | W |STRT| E |
- |----+----+----|
- |LEFT|DOWN|RGHT|
- | SW | S | SE |
- ----------------
-..
-.PP
-.I Navaids.
-A plane may be directed to turn at a navaid or hold (circle) there,
-Thus command `AH' holds plane A at the next navaid.
-The flight strip for a plane that is to hold looks like
-.br
-.B " Ap :\->2 5 S * 7"
-.br
-During the hold, the
-.B *
-will become
-.LR h .
-Every incoming plane that will be landing holds at a
-navaid unless the controller gives it other instructions.
-.PP
-The command
-.B *
-clears a plane to turn sharply to any known fix
-at the next navaid.
-The flight strip for
-a plane cleared through a navaid (to fix 5, for example) looks like:
-.br
-.B " Hj .->2 5 S *5 +"
-.br
-A holding aircraft given a clearance will continue around to the
-navaid, then immediately assume the specified bearing.
-Turns cancel clearances.
-.ig
-8. Designing new airspaces
- The system airspaces are stored in /usr/rand/jim/atc/airspaces on the
-VAX, and /mnt/jim/atc/airspaces on the PDP-11/45. Users may define their
-own airspaces and use them (Section 2), or have them included at the end of
-the system airspace file.
-The coordinate system for an MxN screen is:
- ---------------------
- |0,0 M,0|
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- | |
- |0,N M,N|
- ---------------------
-The different objects on the screen are defined as follows:
-Apple1
- size: 15x24
- airway: 1=(0,13) SE 8=(10,23)
- airway: 0=(4,0) S 9=(4,23)
- airway: 2=(14,15) NW 7=(0,1)
- airway: 3=(0,9) NE 6=(9,0)
- airway: 4=(14,7) SW 5=(0,21)
- airport: %=(4,11) S
- airport: #=(10,11) NE
- navaid: *=(4,5)
- navaid: *=(4,17)
-The size field is restricted only by the size of the Ann Arbor screen. The
-direction on an airway is the entry direction from the first fix; the
-designer must ensure that each airway connects two entry/exit fixes, and
-that each entry/exit fix is on an airway. If more than 20 entry/exit
-fixes, 5 airports, or 5 navaids are desired, the program must be recompiled
-after the change to EMAX, AMAX, or NMAX respectively in the source file
-"ahdr.h".
-9. Things to come
- Several additions are planned to the ATC simulation in the near
-future. The most important is definition of the "Clearance Directive
-List," a list of absolute locations on the screen and actions to take at
-the location. The user will use this feature to establish plans for
-airplanes without having to monitor for completion of each part.
- Another major modification will enable ATC to be run by another
-program, using a data transfer protocol designed to minimize the
-communication requirements.
- These features will be documented as they are implemented.
-..
-.PP
-.I Delayed commands.
-Commands of the form
-.br
-.BI " @" location , command [, "command ...\fP]"
-.br
-stack up activities.
-A location may be any fix or
-a point offset from a fix, e.g.
-.br
-.B " @#sw3s2,ARE"
-.br
-which means at the point which can be reached by going three
-miles SW from airport
-.BR # ,
-then two miles S, plane
-.B A
-should begin
-a right turn until heading E.
-The information command shows all delayed commands pending for that plane.
-Note that delayed commands allow one to specify actions more
-than one navaid ahead.
-.ig
-Flow control:
- When a game is started, ATC looks for the file <airspace>.flow
- in the directory /usr/rand/jim/atc to establish a traffic pattern.
- For example, if the airspace is Apple3, it uses the file
- /usr/rand/jim/atc/Apple3.flow .
- The flow file contains one line for each legal path through the
- airspace. Each line is left-adjusted, and consists of an origin,
- the symbol "->" (for "goes to"), the destination, a space, and
- the relative frequency of this path. The expected frequency for
- this path is its relative frequency divided by the sum of the
- relative frequencies for all the paths. Some examples are:
- 1->5 5
- 1->8 10
- 2-># 10
- 2->% 5
- 2->6 5
- %->% 5
- #->% 10
- Blank lines are ignored (for spacing).
- Any path with no relative frequency is assumed to have frequency 0.
-Things to come:
- (1) There will be a capability for canned procedures.
-..