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<table class="head">
<tr>
<td class="head-ltitle">RUM(4)</td>
<td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
<td class="head-rtitle">RUM(4)</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class="manual-text">
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">rum</code> — <span class="Nd">Ralink
Technology USB IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network device</span></p>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">rum* at uhub? port ?</code></p>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver supports USB 2.0 wireless
adapters based on the Ralink RT2501USB and RT2601USB chipsets.</p>
<p class="Pp">The RT2501USB chipset is the second generation of 802.11a/b/g
adapters from Ralink. It consists of two integrated chips, an RT2571W
MAC/BBP and an RT2528 or RT5226 radio transceiver.</p>
<p class="Pp">The RT2601USB chipset consists of two integrated chips, an RT2671
MAC/BBP and an RT2527 or RT5225 radio transceiver. This chipset uses the
IEEE 802.11n MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology with multiple
antennas to extend the operating range of the adapter and to achieve higher
throughput.</p>
<p class="Pp">These are the modes the <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver can
operate in:</p>
<dl class="Bl-tag">
<dt id="infrastructure">BSS mode</dt>
<dd>Also known as
<a class="permalink" href="#infrastructure"><i class="Em">infrastructure</i></a>
mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through which
all traffic passes. This mode is the default.</dd>
<dt id="IEEE">IBSS mode</dt>
<dd>Also known as <a class="permalink" href="#IEEE"><i class="Em">IEEE
ad-hoc</i></a> mode or
<a class="permalink" href="#peer-to-peer"><i class="Em" id="peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</i></a>
mode. This is the standardized method of operating without an access
point. Stations associate with a service set. However, actual connections
between stations are peer-to-peer.</dd>
<dt>Host AP</dt>
<dd>In this mode the driver acts as an access point (base station) for other
cards.</dd>
<dt>monitor mode</dt>
<dd>In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating
with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and
enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't
normally have access to, or to scan for access points.</dd>
</dl>
<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver can be configured to use
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and
WPA2-PSK). WPA is the de facto encryption standard for wireless networks. It
is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure
wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it.</p>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="CONFIGURATION"><a class="permalink" href="#CONFIGURATION">CONFIGURATION</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver can be configured at
runtime with <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a> or on boot with
<a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a> using the following parameters:</p>
<dl class="Bl-tag">
<dt id="bssid"><a class="permalink" href="#bssid"><code class="Cm">bssid</code></a>
<var class="Ar">bssid</var></dt>
<dd>Set the desired BSSID.</dd>
<dt id="bssid~2"><a class="permalink" href="#bssid~2"><code class="Fl">-bssid</code></a></dt>
<dd>Unset the desired BSSID. The interface will automatically select a BSSID
in this mode, which is the default.</dd>
<dt id="chan"><a class="permalink" href="#chan"><code class="Cm">chan</code></a>
<var class="Ar">n</var></dt>
<dd>Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used by the driver based on the
given channel ID <var class="Ar">n</var>.</dd>
<dt id="chan~2"><a class="permalink" href="#chan~2"><code class="Fl">-chan</code></a></dt>
<dd>Unset the desired channel to be used by the driver. The driver will
automatically select a channel in this mode, which is the default.</dd>
<dt id="media"><a class="permalink" href="#media"><code class="Cm">media</code></a>
<var class="Ar">media</var></dt>
<dd>The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver supports the following
<var class="Ar">media</var> types:
<p class="Pp"></p>
<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
<dt id="autoselect"><a class="permalink" href="#autoselect"><code class="Cm">autoselect</code></a></dt>
<dd>Enable autoselection of the media type and options.</dd>
<dt id="DS1"><a class="permalink" href="#DS1"><code class="Cm">DS1</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11b DS 1Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="DS2"><a class="permalink" href="#DS2"><code class="Cm">DS2</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11b DS 2Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="DS5"><a class="permalink" href="#DS5"><code class="Cm">DS5</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11b DS 5.5Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="DS11"><a class="permalink" href="#DS11"><code class="Cm">DS11</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11b DS 11Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM6"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM6"><code class="Cm">OFDM6</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 6Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM9"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM9"><code class="Cm">OFDM9</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 9Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM12"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM12"><code class="Cm">OFDM12</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 12Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM18"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM18"><code class="Cm">OFDM18</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 18Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM24"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM24"><code class="Cm">OFDM24</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 24Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM36"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM36"><code class="Cm">OFDM36</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 36Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM48"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM48"><code class="Cm">OFDM48</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 48Mbps operation.</dd>
<dt id="OFDM54"><a class="permalink" href="#OFDM54"><code class="Cm">OFDM54</code></a></dt>
<dd>Set 802.11a/g OFDM 54Mbps operation.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt id="mediaopt"><a class="permalink" href="#mediaopt"><code class="Cm">mediaopt</code></a>
<var class="Ar">opts</var></dt>
<dd>The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver supports the following media
options:
<p class="Pp"></p>
<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
<dt id="hostap"><a class="permalink" href="#hostap"><code class="Cm">hostap</code></a></dt>
<dd>Select Host AP operation.</dd>
<dt id="ibss"><a class="permalink" href="#ibss"><code class="Cm">ibss</code></a></dt>
<dd>Select IBSS operation.</dd>
<dt id="monitor"><a class="permalink" href="#monitor"><code class="Cm">monitor</code></a></dt>
<dd>Select monitor mode.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt id="mediaopt~2"><a class="permalink" href="#mediaopt~2"><code class="Fl">-mediaopt</code></a>
<var class="Ar">opts</var></dt>
<dd>Disable the specified media options on the driver and return it to the
default mode of operation (BSS).</dd>
<dt id="mode"><a class="permalink" href="#mode"><code class="Cm">mode</code></a>
<var class="Ar">mode</var></dt>
<dd>The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver supports the following modes:
<p class="Pp"></p>
<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
<dt id="11a"><a class="permalink" href="#11a"><code class="Cm">11a</code></a></dt>
<dd>Force 802.11a operation.</dd>
<dt id="11b"><a class="permalink" href="#11b"><code class="Cm">11b</code></a></dt>
<dd>Force 802.11b operation.</dd>
<dt id="11g"><a class="permalink" href="#11g"><code class="Cm">11g</code></a></dt>
<dd>Force 802.11g operation.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt id="nwid"><a class="permalink" href="#nwid"><code class="Cm">nwid</code></a>
<var class="Ar">id</var></dt>
<dd>Set the network ID. The <var class="Ar">id</var> can either be any text
string up to 32 characters in length, or a series of hexadecimal digits up
to 64 digits. An empty <var class="Ar">id</var> string allows the
interface to connect to any available access points. By default the
<code class="Nm">rum</code> driver uses an empty string. Note that network
ID is synonymous with Extended Service Set ID (ESSID).</dd>
<dt id="nwkey"><a class="permalink" href="#nwkey"><code class="Cm">nwkey</code></a>
<var class="Ar">key</var></dt>
<dd>Enable WEP encryption using the specified <var class="Ar">key</var>. The
<var class="Ar">key</var> can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal
digits (preceded by ‘0x’), or a set of keys of the form
“n:k1,k2,k3,k4”, where ‘n’ specifies which of
the keys will be used for transmitted packets, and the four keys,
“k1” through “k4”, are configured as WEP keys.
If a set of keys is specified, a comma (‘,’) within the key
must be escaped with a backslash. Note that if multiple keys are used,
their order must be the same within the network.
<code class="Nm">rum</code> is capable of using both 40-bit (5 characters
or 10 hexadecimal digits) or 104-bit (13 characters or 26 hexadecimal
digits) keys.</dd>
<dt id="nwkey~2"><a class="permalink" href="#nwkey~2"><code class="Fl">-nwkey</code></a></dt>
<dd>Disable WEP encryption. This is the default mode of operation.</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The following firmware file is loaded when an interface is brought
up:</p>
<p class="Pp"></p>
<div class="Bd-indent">
<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
<dt>/libdata/firmware/rum/rum-rt2573</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
</dl>
</div>
See <a class="Xr">firmload(9)</a> for how to change this.
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="HARDWARE"><a class="permalink" href="#HARDWARE">HARDWARE</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The following adapters should work:</p>
<p class="Pp"></p>
<div class="Bd-indent">
<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
<dt>Airlink101 AWLL5025</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>ASUS WL-167g ver 2</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Belkin F5D7050 ver 3</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Belkin F5D9050 ver 3</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>CNet CWD-854 ver F</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Conceptronic C54RU ver 2</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>D-Link DWL-G122 rev C1</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>D-Link WUA-1340</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Edimax EW-7318USG</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Gigabyte GN-WB01GS</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Hawking HWUG1</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>LevelOne WNC-0301USB</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Linksys WUSB54G rev C</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Planex GW-USMM</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Senao NUB-3701</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Sitecom WL-113 ver 2</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Sitecom WL-172</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>Synet MW-P54SS</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
<dt>TP-LINK TL-WN321G</dt>
<dd style="width: auto;"> </dd>
</dl>
</div>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The following <a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a> example configures
rum0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using WEP key
“0x1deadbeef1”, channel 11:</p>
<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
<pre>inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11</pre>
</div>
<p class="Pp">The following <a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a> example creates a
host-based access point on boot:</p>
<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
<pre>inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 media autoselect \
mediaopt hostap nwid my_net chan 11</pre>
</div>
<p class="Pp">Configure rum0 for WEP, using hex key
“0x1deadbeef1”:</p>
<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
<pre># ifconfig rum0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1</pre>
</div>
<p class="Pp">Return rum0 to its default settings:</p>
<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
<pre># ifconfig rum0 -bssid -chan media autoselect \
nwid "" -nwkey</pre>
</div>
<p class="Pp">Join an existing BSS network, “my_net”:</p>
<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
<pre># ifconfig rum0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net</pre>
</div>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="DIAGNOSTICS"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
<dl class="Bl-diag">
<dt>rum%d: failed loadfirmware of file %s</dt>
<dd>For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the
filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted.</dd>
<dt>rum%d: could not load 8051 microcode</dt>
<dd>An error occurred while attempting to upload the microcode to the onboard
8051 microcontroller unit.</dd>
<dt>rum%d: device timeout</dt>
<dd>A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in
time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
ALSO</a></h1>
<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">arp(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">ifmedia(4)</a>,
<a class="Xr">netintro(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">usb(4)</a>,
<a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a>, <a class="Xr">hostapd(8)</a>,
<a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">firmload(9)</a></p>
<p class="Pp"><a class="Lk" href="http://www.ralinktech.com">Ralink
Technology</a></p>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver first appeared in
<span class="Ux">NetBSD 4.0</span> and <span class="Ux">OpenBSD
4.0</span>.</p>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver was written by
<span class="An">Niall O'Higgins</span>
<<a class="Mt" href="mailto:niallo@openbsd.org">niallo@openbsd.org</a>>
and
<br/>
<span class="An">Damien Bergamini</span>
<<a class="Mt" href="mailto:damien@openbsd.org">damien@openbsd.org</a>>.</p>
</section>
<section class="Sh">
<h1 class="Sh" id="CAVEATS"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS">CAVEATS</a></h1>
<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rum</code> driver supports automatic control
of the transmit speed in BSS mode only. Therefore the use of a
<code class="Nm">rum</code> adapter in Host AP mode is discouraged.</p>
<p class="Pp">The Synet MW-P54SS USB Wireless Broadband Router first attaches as
a virtual <a class="Xr">cd(4)</a> device on the <a class="Xr">umass(4)</a>
mass storage bus. It will re-attach with this driver after using
<a class="Xr">eject(1)</a> on the corresponding device.</p>
</section>
</div>
<table class="foot">
<tr>
<td class="foot-date">September 21, 2020</td>
<td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
|
