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+.TH STDIO 3S
+.CT 2 file_io
+.SH NAME
+stdio \(mi standard buffered input/output package
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.nf
+.B #include <stdio.h>
+.PP
+.B FILE *stdin;
+.B FILE *stdout;
+.B FILE *stderr;
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The functions described in Sections 3S constitute an efficient
+user-level buffering scheme.
+The in-line macros
+.IR getc (3)
+and
+.IR  putc
+handle characters quickly.
+The higher level routines
+.I "fgets, scanf, fscanf, fread,"
+.I "puts, fputs, printf, fprintf, fwrite"
+all use
+.I getc
+and
+.I putc;
+they can be freely intermixed.
+.PP
+A file with associated buffering is called a
+.I stream,
+and is declared to be a pointer to a defined type
+.BR FILE .
+.IR  Fopen (3)
+creates certain descriptive data for a stream
+and returns a pointer to designate the stream in all
+further transactions.
+There are three normally open streams with constant
+pointers declared in
+the include file and associated with the standard open files:
+.TP 10n
+.BR stdin
+standard input file
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.B stdout
+standard output file
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.BR stderr
+standard error file
+.PP
+A constant pointer
+.L
+NULL
+designates no stream at all.
+.PP
+An integer constant
+.B EOF
+is returned
+upon end of file or error by integer functions that
+deal with streams.
+.PP
+Any routine that uses the standard input/output package
+must include the header file
+.F <stdio.h>
+of pertinent
+macro definitions.
+The functions and constants mentioned in sections labeled 3S
+are declared in the include file
+and need no further declaration.
+The constants, and the following `functions' are
+implemented as macros:
+.I getc,
+.I getchar,
+.I putc,
+.I putchar,
+.I feof,
+.I ferror,
+.IR fileno .
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR printf (3),
+.IR scanf (3),
+.IR fopen (3),
+.IR getc (3),
+.IR fgets (3),
+.IR fread (3),
+.IR fseek (3),
+.IR ungetc (3),
+.IR popen (3),
+.IR setbuf (3),
+.IR ferror (3)
+.br
+.IR open (2), 
+.IR read (2), 
+.IR fio (3)
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+The value
+.B EOF
+is returned uniformly to indicate that a
+.B FILE
+pointer has not been initialized with
+.I fopen,
+input (output) has been attempted on an output (input) stream,
+or a
+.B FILE
+pointer designates corrupt or otherwise unintelligible
+.B FILE
+data.
+.SH BUGS
+Buffering of output can prevent output data
+from being seen until long after it is computed \- perhaps
+never, as when an abort occurs between buffer filling and flushing.
+.br
+Buffering of input can cause a process to consume
+more input than it actually uses.
+This can cause trouble across
+.IR exec (2)
+or
+.IR system (3)
+calls.