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diff --git a/static/unix-v10/man1/ls.1 b/static/unix-v10/man1/ls.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb49b736 --- /dev/null +++ b/static/unix-v10/man1/ls.1 @@ -0,0 +1,215 @@ +.TH LS 1 +.CT 1 files dirs +.SH NAME +ls, lc \(mi list contents of directory +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B ls +[ +.B -acdfilrstuFLR +] +.I name ... +.PP +.B lc +[ +.I options +] +.I name ... +.SH DESCRIPTION +For each directory argument, +.I ls +lists the contents of the directory; +for each file argument, +.I ls +repeats its name and any other information requested. +The output is sorted alphabetically by default. +When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. +When several arguments are given, +the arguments are first sorted, +but file arguments appear +before directories and their contents. +.PP +There are an unbelievable number of options: +.TP +.B -l +List in long format, giving mode (see below), number of links, owner, +group, +size in bytes, and time of last modification +for each file. +Symbolic links are identified by a link count marked +.LR L ; +the link count is that of the ultimate file. +If the file is a special file the size field will instead contain +the major and minor device numbers. +.TP +.B -d +If argument is a directory, list its name, not +its contents. +.TP +.B -t +Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of +by name, as is normal. +.TP +.B -L +Under +.B -l +for each symbolic link +give the immediate, not the ultimate, link count +and append the name pointed to. +.TP +.B -a +List all entries; usually +.F . +and +.F .. +are suppressed. +.TP +.B -c +Under +.B -t +sort by time of inode change; +under +.B -l +print time of inode change. +.TP +.B -f +Force each argument to be interpreted as a directory +and list the name found in each slot. +This option turns off +.BR -l ", " -t ", " -s , +and +.BR -r , +and +turns on +.BR -a ; +the order is the order in which entries +appear in the directory. +.TP +.B -F +cause directories to be marked with a trailing +.L / +and executable +files to be marked with a trailing +.L * +.TP +.B -i +Print i-number in first column +of the report for each file listed. +.TP +.B -r +Reverse the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic +or oldest first as appropriate. +.TP +.B -R +recursively list subdirectories encountered. +.TP +.B -s +Give size in Kbytes for each entry. +.TP +.B -u +Under +.B -t +sort by time of last access; +under +.B -l +print time of last access. +.PP +The mode printed under the +.B -l +option contains 11 characters +which are interpreted +as follows: +the first character is +.TP +.B d +if the entry is a directory; +.PD 0 +.TP +.B b +if the entry is a block-type special file; +.TP +.B c +if the entry is a character-type special file; +.TP +.B l +if the entry is a symbolic link and option +.B -L +is in effect; +.TP +.B - +if the entry is a plain file. +.PD +.PP +The next 9 characters are interpreted +as three sets of three bits each. +The first set refers to owner permissions; +the next to permissions to others in the same user-group; +and the last to all others. +Within each set the three characters indicate +permission respectively to read, to write, or to +execute the file as a program. +For a directory, `execute' permission is interpreted +to mean permission to search the directory +for a specified file. +The permissions are indicated as follows: +.TP 3 +.B r +if the file is readable; +.PD 0 +.TP 3 +.B w +if the file is writable; +.TP 3 +.B x +if the file is executable; +.TP 3 +.B - +if the indicated permission is not granted. +.PD +.PP +The group-execute permission character is given +as +.B s +if the file has set-group-ID mode; +likewise the user-execute permission character is given +as +.B s +if the file has set-user-ID mode. +.PP +The last character of the mode (normally a blank) +indicates the type of concurrency control: +.TP +.B e +if the file is set for exclusive access (1 writer or +.I n +readers); +.PD 0 +.TP +.B y +if the file is set for synchronized access (1 writer and +.I n +readers); +.PD 0 +.TP +.B a +if the file is set for append-only (all writes happen at end); +.PD 0 +.TP +.B b +if the file is blinded. +(Blind directories are unreadable.) +.PD +.PP +.I Lc +is the same as +.I ls, +but prints the list in multiple columns. +.SH FILES +.FR /etc/passwd +.br +.FR /etc/group +.SH SEE ALSO +.IR stat (2) +.SH BUGS +Option +.B -s +counts unwritten holes as if they were real data. |