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+.\"     $NetBSD: panic.9,v 1.23 2019/10/04 21:55:00 gutteridge Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1996 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+.\" Michael Graff.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd October 4, 2019
+.Dt PANIC 9
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm panic
+.Nd bring down system on fatal error
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In sys/types.h
+.In sys/systm.h
+.Ft void
+.Fn vpanic "const char *fmt" "va_list ap"
+.Ft void
+.Fn panic "const char *fmt" "..."
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn panic
+and
+.Fn vpanic
+functions terminate the
+.Nx
+system.
+The message
+.Fa fmt
+is a
+.Xr printf 3
+style format string which is printed to the console and saved in the
+variable
+.Va panicstr
+for later retrieval via core dump inspection.
+A newline character is added at the end automatically, and is thus
+not needed in the format string.
+.Pp
+If a kernel debugger is installed, control is passed to it after the
+message is printed.
+If the kernel debugger is
+.Xr ddb 4 ,
+control may be passed to it, depending on the value of
+.Em ddb.onpanic .
+See
+.Xr options 4
+for more details on setting
+.Em ddb.onpanic .
+If control is not passed through to
+.Xr ddb 4 ,
+a
+.Xr ddb 4 Ns -specific
+function is used to print the kernel stack trace, and then control returns
+to
+.Fn panic .
+.Pp
+If control remains in
+.Fn panic ,
+an attempt is made to save an image of system memory on the
+configured dump device.
+.Pp
+If during the process of handling the panic,
+.Fn panic
+is called again
+.Pq from the filesystem synchronization routines, for example ,
+the system is rebooted immediately without synchronizing any filesystems.
+.Pp
+.Fn panic
+is meant to be used in situations where something unexpected has happened
+and it is difficult to recover the system to a stable state, or in
+situations where proceeding might make things worse, leading to data
+corruption and/or loss.
+It is not meant to be used in scenarios where the system could easily
+ignore and/or isolate the condition/subsystem and proceed.
+.Pp
+In general developers should try to reduce the number of
+.Fn panic
+calls in the kernel to improve stability.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn panic
+function never returns.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr printf 3 ,
+.Xr sysctl 3 ,
+.Xr ddb 4 ,
+.Xr options 4 ,
+.Xr savecore 8 ,
+.Xr swapctl 8 ,
+.Xr sysctl 8 ,
+.Xr printf 9