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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">BOOT(8)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">System Manager's Manual (x68k)</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">BOOT(8)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">boot</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">system
- bootstrapping procedures</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Power_fail_and_crash_recovery"><a class="permalink" href="#Power_fail_and_crash_recovery">Power
- fail and crash recovery</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after
- crashes. An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be
- performed, and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user
- operations.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Cold_starts"><a class="permalink" href="#Cold_starts">Cold
- starts</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">The X68000/X68030 system boots from the device which is determined
- by the configuration of battery-backuped SRAM. By default, the boot ROM
- attempts to boot from floppy disk drives (from 0 to 3) first, and then
- attempts to boot from hard disk (SASI or SCSI). On the
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span>/x68k, booting from SCSI disks (sd??) and 2HD
- floppy disks (fd?a, fd?c) is currently supported.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Bootstrapping_from_a_floppy"><a class="permalink" href="#Bootstrapping_from_a_floppy">Bootstrapping
- from a floppy</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">When the floppy disk is selected as the boot device, the initial
- program loader of the IOCS (firmware) reads the
- <span class="Pa">fdboot_ufs</span> program at the top of the disk, and then
- the fdboot_ufs program loads the <span class="Pa">/boot</span> program from
- the FFS or LFS file system. Normally, the <span class="Pa">/boot</span>
- program then loads the <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> kernel
- <span class="Pa">/netbsd</span> from the same floppy. In addition, the
- <span class="Pa">/boot</span> program has abilities to uncompress gzip'ed
- kernels, to read the kernel from other disks of other file systems etc (see
- below).</p>
-<p class="Pp">For floppy disks, <span class="Pa">fdboot_ustar</span> is also
- provided to read large kernels which do not fit one a single floppy.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Bootstrapping_from_a_SCSI_hard_disk"><a class="permalink" href="#Bootstrapping_from_a_SCSI_hard_disk">Bootstrapping
- from a SCSI hard disk</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">When a SCSI hard disk is selected as the boot device, the initial
- program loader on the SCSI host adapter's ROM reads the operating
- system-independent IPL menu program at the top of the disk. The IPL menu
- program recognizes the partition table, and selects the partition to read
- the operating system kernel. During this phase, when the HELP key on the
- keyboard is pressed, the IPL menu program displays the partition menu of
- that disk to prompt the user to select the boot partition (although the
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> implementation of the IPL menu,
- <span class="Pa">/usr/mdec/mboot</span>, does not have this
- functionality).</p>
-<p class="Pp">Next, the IPL menu reads the OS-dependent boot program from the
- top of the selected partition. For <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> FFS/LFS
- file systems <span class="Pa">sdboot_ufs</span> is used. The
- <span class="Pa">sdboot_ufs</span> program then loads the
- <span class="Pa">/boot</span> program from that partition.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Normal_Operation"><a class="permalink" href="#Normal_Operation">Normal
- Operation</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">Once running, a banner similar to the following will appear:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>NetBSD Multi-boot, Revision 1.1
-(user@buildhost, builddate)
-Press return to boot now, any other key for boot menu
-booting sd0a:netbsd - starting in 5</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">After a countdown, the system image listed will be loaded. (In the
- example above, it will be
- &#x201C;<code class="Li">sd0a:netbsd</code>&#x201D; which is the file
- <code class="Nm">netbsd</code> on partition &#x201C;a&#x201D; of the
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> SCSI hard disk of ID 0. Pressing a key within
- the time limit will enter interactive mode.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Interactive_mode"><a class="permalink" href="#Interactive_mode">Interactive
- mode</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">In interactive mode, the boot loader will present a prompt,
- allowing input of these commands:</p>
-<div class="Bd-indent">
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="boot"><a class="permalink" href="#boot"><code class="Ic">boot</code></a>
- [<var class="Ar">device</var>:][<var class="Ar">filename</var>]
- [<code class="Fl">-adqsv</code>]</dt>
- <dd>The default <var class="Ar">device</var> will be set to the disk that the
- boot loader was loaded from. To boot from an alternate disk, the full name
- of the device should be given at the prompt. <var class="Ar">device</var>
- is of the form
- <var class="Ar">xd</var>[<var class="Ar">N</var>[<var class="Ar">x</var>]]
- where <var class="Ar">xd</var> is the device from which to boot,
- <var class="Ar">N</var> is the unit number, and <var class="Ar">x</var> is
- the partition letter.
- <p class="Pp">The following list of supported devices may vary from
- installation to installation:</p>
- <p class="Pp"></p>
- <dl class="Bl-hang Bl-compact">
- <dt>sd</dt>
- <dd>SCSI disks on a controller recognized by the IOCS. The unit number is
- the SCSI ID.</dd>
- <dt>fd</dt>
- <dd>Floppy drives as numbered by the IOCS.</dd>
- </dl>
- <p class="Pp">The default <var class="Ar">filename</var> is
- <span class="Pa">netbsd</span>; if the boot loader fails to successfully
- open that image, it then tries <span class="Pa">netbsd.gz</span>
- (expected to be a kernel image compressed by <a class="Xr">gzip(1)</a>).
- Alternate system images can be loaded by just specifying the name of the
- image.</p>
- <p class="Pp">Options are:</p>
- <dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="a"><a class="permalink" href="#a"><code class="Fl">-a</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump device,
- and the path to <a class="Xr">init(8)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="d"><a class="permalink" href="#d"><code class="Fl">-d</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Bring the system up in debug mode. Here it waits for a kernel debugger
- connect; see <a class="Xr">ddb(4)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="q"><a class="permalink" href="#q"><code class="Fl">-q</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Boot the system in quiet mode.</dd>
- <dt id="s"><a class="permalink" href="#s"><code class="Fl">-s</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Bring the system up in single-user mode.</dd>
- <dt id="v"><a class="permalink" href="#v"><code class="Fl">-v</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Boot the system in verbose mode.</dd>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- <dt id="help"><a class="permalink" href="#help"><code class="Ic">help</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Print an overview about commands and arguments.</dd>
- <dt id="ls"><a class="permalink" href="#ls"><code class="Ic">ls</code></a>
- [<span class="Pa">path</span>]</dt>
- <dd>Print a directory listing of <span class="Pa">path</span>, containing
- inode number, filename and file type. <span class="Pa">path</span> can
- contain a device specification.</dd>
- <dt id="halt"><a class="permalink" href="#halt"><code class="Ic">halt</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Reboot the system.</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Model-specific_notes"><a class="permalink" href="#Model-specific_notes">Model-specific
- notes</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">Note for X68030+MC68030 systems: Nothing special to be attended
- to; you can boot <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> just like as other operating
- systems such as Human68k and OS-9.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Note for X68030/040turbo(68040 accelerator by BEEPs) systems:
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> can boot under 040 mode. It can also boot
- under 030 mode if you have MC68030 on the board.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Note for X68000/Xellent30(68030 accelerator by TSR)+MC68030
- systems: In order to boot <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span>, you must choose
- 030 mode by using <span class="Pa">CH30.SYS</span>, which must reside in the
- battery-backuped SRAM.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Note for X68000/Jupiter-X(68040/060 accelerator by FTZ-net)
- systems: The system must be in 040/060 processor mode.</p>
-</section>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
- <dt><span class="Pa">/netbsd</span></dt>
- <dd>system code</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/netbsd.gz</span></dt>
- <dd>gzip-compressed system code</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/usr/mdec/xxboot_ufs</span></dt>
- <dd>boot block (read by installboot), xx is disktype</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/usr/mdec/boot</span></dt>
- <dd>source of /boot (can be just copied to the root directory)</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/boot</span></dt>
- <dd>main part of the boot program</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">reboot(2)</a>, <a class="Xr">disklabel(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">halt(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">reboot(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">shutdown(8)</a></p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">August 16, 2014</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>