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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">BOOT(8)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">System Manager's Manual (vax)</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">BOOT(8)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">boot</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">system
- bootstrapping procedures</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Power_fail_and_crash_recovery"><a class="permalink" href="#Power_fail_and_crash_recovery">Power
- fail and crash recovery</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after
- crashes. Provided the auto-restart is enabled on the machine front panel, an
- automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed, and
- unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Cold_starts"><a class="permalink" href="#Cold_starts">Cold
- starts</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">These are processor-type dependent. On an 11/780, there are two
- floppy files for each disk controller, both of which cause boots from unit 0
- of the root file system of a controller located on mba0 or uba0. One gives a
- single user shell, while the other invokes the multi-user automatic reboot.
- Thus these files are HPS and HPM for the single and multi-user boot from
- MASSBUS RP06/RM03/RM05 disks, UPS and UPM for UNIBUS storage module
- controller and disks such as the EMULEX SC-21 and AMPEX 9300 pair, RAS and
- RAM to boot from MSCP controllers and disks such as the RA81, or HKS and HKM
- for RK07 disks. There is also a script for booting from the default device,
- which is normally a copy of one of the standard multi-user boot scripts, but
- which may be modified to perform other actions or to boot from a different
- unit. The situation on the 8600 is similar, with scripts loaded from the
- console RL02.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Giving the command</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">&gt;&gt;&gt;BOOT HPM</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">would boot the system from (e.g.) an RP06 and run the automatic
- consistency check as described in <a class="Xr">fsck(8)</a>. (Note that it
- may be necessary to type control-P and halt the processor to gain the
- attention of the LSI-11 before getting the &gt;&gt;&gt; prompt.) The
- command</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">&gt;&gt;&gt;BOOT ANY</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">invokes a version of the boot program in a way which allows you to
- specify any system as the system to be booted. It reads from the console a
- device specification (see below) followed immediately by a pathname.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The scripts may be modified for local configuration if necessary.
- The flags are placed in register 11 (as defined in
- <code class="In">&lt;<a class="In">sys/reboot.h</a>&gt;</code>). The boot
- device is specified in register 10. The encoding of this register is also
- defined in <code class="In">&lt;<a class="In">sys/reboot.h</a>&gt;</code>.
- The current encoding has a historical basis, and is shown in the following
- table:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">
-<pre>bits usage
-0-7 boot device type (the device major number)
-8-15 disk partition
-16-19 drive unit
-20-23 controller number
-24-27 adaptor number (UNIBUS or MASSBUS as appropriate)</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">The adaptor number corresponds to the normal configuration on the
- 11/750, and to the order in which adaptors are found on the 11/780 and 8600
- (generally the same as the numbers used by
- <span class="Ux">UNIX</span>).</p>
-<p class="Pp">On an 11/750, the reset button will boot from the device selected
- by the front panel boot device switch. In systems with RK07's, position B
- normally selects the RK07 for boot. This will boot multi-user. To boot from
- RK07 with boot flags you may specify</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">
-<pre><code class="Li">&gt;&gt;&gt;B/</code><code class="Fl">-n</code> <span class="No">DMA0</span></pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">where, giving a <var class="Ar">n</var> of 1 causes the boot
- program to ask for the name of the system to be bootstrapped, giving a
- <var class="Ar">n</var> of 2 causes the boot program to come up single user,
- and a <var class="Ar">n</var> of 3 causes both of these actions to occur.
- The ``DM'' specifies RK07, the ``A'' represents the adaptor number (UNIBUS
- or MASSBUS), and the ``0'' is the drive unit number. Other disk types which
- may be used are DB (MASSBUS), DD (TU58), and DU (UDA-50/RA disk). A non-zero
- disk partition can be used by adding (partition times 1000 hex) to
- <var class="Ar">n</var>.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The boot procedure on the Micro VAX II is similar. A switch on the
- back panel sets the power-up action to autoboot or to halt. When halted, the
- processor may be booted using the same syntax as on the 11/750.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The 11/750 boot procedure uses the boot ROMs to load block 0 off
- of the specified device. The <span class="Pa">/usr/mdec</span> directory
- contains a number of bootstrap programs for the various disks which should
- be placed in a new pack by <a class="Xr">disklabel(8)</a>. Similarly, the
- Micro VAX II boot procedure loads a boot parameter block from block 0 of the
- disk. The <code class="Ic">rdboot</code> &#x201C;bootstrap&#x201D; contains
- the correct parameters for an MSCP disk such as the RD53.</p>
-<p class="Pp">On any processor, the <i class="Em">boot</i> program finds the
- corresponding file on the given device (<span class="Pa">netbsd</span> by
- default), loads that file into memory location zero, and starts the program
- at the entry address specified in the program header (after clearing off the
- high bit of the specified entry address).</p>
-<p class="Pp">The file specifications used with &#x201C;BOOT ANY&#x201D; or
- &#x201C;B/3&#x201D; are of the form:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd
- Bd-indent"><code class="Li">device(adaptor,controller,unit,minor)</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">where <var class="Ar">device</var> is the type of the device to be
- searched, <var class="Ar">adaptor</var> is the UNIBUS or MASSBUS number of
- the adaptor to which the device is attached,
- <var class="Ar">controller</var> is the unit number of the controller or
- MASSBUS tape formatter on that adaptor, <var class="Ar">unit</var> is the
- unit number of the disk or transport slave unit of the tape, and
- <var class="Ar">minor</var> is the disk partition or tape file number.
- Leading adaptor or controller numbers default to 0. Normal line editing
- characters can be used when typing the file specification. The following
- list of supported devices may vary from installation to installation:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">
-<pre>hp MASSBUS disk drive
-up UNIBUS storage module drive
-ht TE16,TU45,TU77 on MASSBUS
-kra storage module on a KDB50
-mt TU78 on MASSBUS
-hk RK07 on UNIBUS
-ra storage module on a MSCP-compatible UNIBUS controller
-rb storage module on a 730 IDC
-rl RL02 on UNIBUS
-tm TM11 emulation tape drives on UNIBUS
-tms TMSCP-compatible tape
-ts TS11 on UNIBUS
-ut UNIBUS TU45 emulator</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">For example, to boot from a file system which starts at cylinder 0
- of unit 0 of a MASSBUS disk, type
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">hp(0,0)netbsd</code>&#x2019; to the boot prompt;
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">hp(2,0,1,0)netbsd</code>&#x2019; would specify
- drive 1 on MASSBUS adaptor 2;
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">up(0,0)netbsd</code>&#x2019; would specify a UNIBUS
- drive, &#x2018;<code class="Li">hk(0,0)netbsd</code>&#x2019; would specify
- an RK07 disk drive,
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">ra(1,0,0,0)netbsd</code>&#x2019; would specify a
- UDA50 disk drive on a second UNIBUS, and
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">rb(0,0)netbsd</code>&#x2019; would specify a disk
- on a 730 IDC. For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset;
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">mt(1,2,3,4)</code>&#x2019; would specify the fifth
- file on slave 3 of the formatter at
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">drive</code>&#x2019; 2 on mba 1.</p>
-<p class="Pp">On an 11/750 with patchable control store, microcode patches will
- be installed by <i class="Em">boot</i> if the file
- <span class="Pa">pcs750.bin</span> exists in the root of the filesystem from
- which the system is booted.</p>
-<p class="Pp">In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the paper
- <span class="RsT">Installing and Operating 4.3bsd</span> can be used to boot
- from a distribution tape.</p>
-</section>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
- <dt><span class="Pa">/netbsd</span></dt>
- <dd>system code</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/boot</span></dt>
- <dd>system bootstrap</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/usr/mdec/xxboot</span></dt>
- <dd>sector 0-15 boot block</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/pcs750.bin</span></dt>
- <dd>microcode patch file on 750</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">arff(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">halt(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">reboot(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">shutdown(8)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">boot</code> command appeared in
- <span class="Ux">4.0BSD</span>.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">April 19, 1994</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>