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+.\" $NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.16 2017/02/18 21:47:11 wiz Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software written and contributed
+.\" to Berkeley by William Jolitz.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" @(#)boot_i386.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
+.\"
+.Dd August 16, 2014
+.Dt BOOT 8
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm boot
+.Nd
+system bootstrapping procedures
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+This document provides information on using common features in the
+.Nx
+boot loader.
+Additional information may be found in
+architecture-specific
+.Xr boot 8
+manual pages.
+.Ss Boot Protocol
+In the native
+.Nx
+boot protocol, options are passed from the boot loader
+to the kernel via flag bits in the
+.Va boothowto
+variable (see
+.Xr boothowto 9 ) .
+Some boot loaders may also support other boot protocols.
+.Ss Menu
+Some boot loaders may present a menu, which may be configured via
+.Xr boot.cfg 5 .
+.Ss Interactive mode
+In interactive mode, the boot loader will present a prompt, allowing
+input of these commands:
+.\" NOTE: much of this text is duplicated in architecture-specific
+.\" man pages (man8/man8.*/*boot*.8);
+.\" please try to keep all relevant files synchronized.
+.Bl -tag -width 04n -offset 04n
+.It Ic boot Oo Va device : Oc Ns Oo Va filename Oc Oo Fl 1234abcdmqsvxz Oc
+The default
+.Va device
+will be set to the disk that the boot loader was
+loaded from.
+To boot from an alternate disk, the full name of the device should
+be given at the prompt.
+.Va device
+is of the form
+.Xo Va xd
+.Op Va N Ns Op Va x
+.Xc
+where
+.Va xd
+is the device from which to boot,
+.Va N
+is the unit number, and
+.Va x
+is the partition letter.
+.Pp
+The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
+installation:
+.Pp
+.Bl -hang -compact
+.It hd
+Hard disks.
+.It fd
+Floppy drives.
+.El
+.Pp
+The default
+.Va filename
+is
+.Pa netbsd ;
+if the boot loader fails to successfully
+open that image, it then tries
+.Pa netbsd.gz
+(expected to be a kernel image compressed by gzip), followed by
+.Pa netbsd.old ,
+.Pa netbsd.old.gz ,
+.Pa onetbsd ,
+and finally
+.Pa onetbsd.gz .
+Alternate system images can be loaded by just specifying the name of the image.
+.Pp
+Options are:
+.Bl -tag -width xxx
+.It Fl 1
+Sets the machine-dependent flag
+.Sy RB_MD1
+in
+.Va boothowto .
+.It Fl 2
+Sets the machine-dependent flag
+.Sy RB_MD2
+in
+.Va boothowto .
+.It Fl 3
+Sets the machine-dependent flag
+.Sy RB_MD3
+in
+.Va boothowto .
+.It Fl 4
+Sets the machine-dependent flag
+.Sy RB_MD4
+in
+.Va boothowto .
+.It Fl a
+Sets the
+.Sy RB_ASKNAME
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+This causes the kernel to prompt for the root file system device,
+the system crash dump device, and the path to
+.Xr init 8 .
+.It Fl b
+Sets the
+.Sy RB_HALT
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+This causes subsequent reboot attempts to halt instead of rebooting.
+.It Fl c
+Sets the
+.Sy RB_USERCONF
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+This causes the kernel to enter the
+.Xr userconf 4
+device configuration manager as soon as possible during the boot.
+.Xr userconf 4
+allows devices to be enabled or disabled, and allows device locators
+(such as hardware addresses or bus numbers)
+to be modified before the kernel attempts to attach the devices.
+.It Fl d
+Sets the
+.Sy RB_KDB
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Requests the kernel to enter debug mode, in which it
+waits for a connection from a kernel debugger; see
+.Xr ddb 4 .
+.It Fl m
+Sets the
+.Sy RB_MINIROOT
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Informs the kernel that a mini-root file system is present in memory.
+.It Fl q
+Sets the
+.Sy AB_QUIET
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Boot the system in quiet mode.
+.It Fl s
+Sets the
+.Sy RB_SINGLE
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Boot the system in single-user mode.
+.It Fl v
+Sets the
+.Sy AB_VERBOSE
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Boot the system in verbose mode.
+.It Fl x
+Sets the
+.Sy AB_DEBUG
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Boot the system with debug messages enabled.
+.It Fl z
+Sets the
+.Sy AB_SILENT
+flag in
+.Va boothowto .
+Boot the system in silent mode.
+.El
+.It Ic consdev Va dev
+Immediately switch the console to the specified device
+.Va dev
+and reprint the banner.
+.Va dev
+must be one of
+.\" .Bl -item -width com[0123]kbd -offset indent -compact
+.Ar pc , com0 , com1 , com2 ,
+.Ar com3 , com0kbd , com1kbd , com2kbd ,
+.Ar com3kbd ,
+or
+.Ar auto .
+See
+.Sx Console Selection Policy
+in
+.Xr x86/boot_console 8 .
+.It Ic dev Op Va device
+Set the default drive and partition for subsequent filesystem
+operations.
+Without an argument, print the current setting.
+.Va device
+is of the form specified in
+.Cm boot .
+.It Ic help
+Print an overview about commands and arguments.
+.\" .It Ic load Va module Op Va arguments
+.\" [x86 only]
+.It Ic ls Op Pa path
+Print a directory listing of
+.Pa path ,
+containing inode number, filename, and file type.
+.Pa path
+can contain a device specification.
+.\" .It Ic multiboot Va kernel Op Va arguments
+.\" [x86 only]
+.It Ic quit
+Reboot the system.
+.\" .It Ic userconf Va command
+.\" [x86only]
+.El
+.Pp
+In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the
+.Nx
+installation notes for the specific architecture
+can be used.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /usr/mdec/bootxx_fstype -compact
+.It Pa /boot
+boot program code loaded by the primary bootstrap
+.\" .It Pa /boot.cfg
+.\" optional configuration file
+.\" [x86 only]
+.It Pa /netbsd
+system code
+.It Pa /netbsd.gz
+gzip-compressed system code
+.It Pa /usr/mdec/boot
+master copy of the boot program (copy to /boot)
+.It Pa /usr/mdec/bootxx_fstype
+primary bootstrap for filesystem type fstype, copied to the start of
+the
+.Nx
+partition by
+.Xr installboot 8 .
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+Architecture-specific
+.Xr boot 8
+manual pages (such as
+.Xr emips/boot 8 ,
+.Xr sparc64/boot 8 ,
+.Xr x86/boot 8 ) ,
+.Xr ddb 4 ,
+.Xr userconf 4 ,
+.\" .Xr boot.cfg 5 [x86 only] ,
+.Xr halt 8 ,
+.Xr installboot 8 ,
+.Xr reboot 8 ,
+.Xr rescue 8 ,
+.Xr shutdown 8 ,
+.Xr boothowto 9
+.Sh BUGS
+The kernel file name must be specified before, not after, the boot options.
+Any
+.Ar filename
+specified after the boot options, e.g.:
+.Pp
+.Bd -unfilled -offset indent -compact
+.Cm boot -d netbsd.test
+.Ed
+.Pp
+is ignored, and the default kernel is booted.