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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">BOOT(8)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">System Manager's Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">BOOT(8)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">boot</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">system
- bootstrapping procedures</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">This document provides information on using common features in the
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> boot loader. Additional information may be
- found in architecture-specific <a class="Xr">boot(8)</a> manual pages.</p>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Boot_Protocol"><a class="permalink" href="#Boot_Protocol">Boot
- Protocol</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">In the native <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> boot protocol,
- options are passed from the boot loader to the kernel via flag bits in the
- <var class="Va">boothowto</var> variable (see
- <a class="Xr">boothowto(9)</a>). Some boot loaders may also support other
- boot protocols.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Menu"><a class="permalink" href="#Menu">Menu</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">Some boot loaders may present a menu, which may be configured via
- <a class="Xr">boot.cfg(5)</a>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Interactive_mode"><a class="permalink" href="#Interactive_mode">Interactive
- mode</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">In interactive mode, the boot loader will present a prompt,
- allowing input of these commands:</p>
-<div class="Bd-indent">
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="boot"><a class="permalink" href="#boot"><code class="Ic">boot</code></a>
- [<var class="Va">device</var>:][<var class="Va">filename</var>]
- [<code class="Fl">-1234abcdmqsvxz</code>]</dt>
- <dd>The default <var class="Va">device</var> will be set to the disk that the
- boot loader was loaded from. To boot from an alternate disk, the full name
- of the device should be given at the prompt. <var class="Va">device</var>
- is of the form <var class="Va">xd</var>
- [<var class="Va">N</var>[<var class="Va">x</var>]] where
- <var class="Va">xd</var> is the device from which to boot,
- <var class="Va">N</var> is the unit number, and <var class="Va">x</var> is
- the partition letter.
- <p class="Pp">The following list of supported devices may vary from
- installation to installation:</p>
- <p class="Pp"></p>
- <dl class="Bl-hang Bl-compact">
- <dt>hd</dt>
- <dd>Hard disks.</dd>
- <dt>fd</dt>
- <dd>Floppy drives.</dd>
- </dl>
- <p class="Pp">The default <var class="Va">filename</var> is
- <span class="Pa">netbsd</span>; if the boot loader fails to successfully
- open that image, it then tries <span class="Pa">netbsd.gz</span>
- (expected to be a kernel image compressed by gzip), followed by
- <span class="Pa">netbsd.old</span>,
- <span class="Pa">netbsd.old.gz</span>, <span class="Pa">onetbsd</span>,
- and finally <span class="Pa">onetbsd.gz</span>. Alternate system images
- can be loaded by just specifying the name of the image.</p>
- <p class="Pp">Options are:</p>
- <dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="1"><a class="permalink" href="#1"><code class="Fl">-1</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the machine-dependent flag
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_MD1"><b class="Sy" id="RB_MD1">RB_MD1</b></a>
- in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>.</dd>
- <dt id="2"><a class="permalink" href="#2"><code class="Fl">-2</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the machine-dependent flag
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_MD2"><b class="Sy" id="RB_MD2">RB_MD2</b></a>
- in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>.</dd>
- <dt id="3"><a class="permalink" href="#3"><code class="Fl">-3</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the machine-dependent flag
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_MD3"><b class="Sy" id="RB_MD3">RB_MD3</b></a>
- in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>.</dd>
- <dt id="4"><a class="permalink" href="#4"><code class="Fl">-4</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the machine-dependent flag
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_MD4"><b class="Sy" id="RB_MD4">RB_MD4</b></a>
- in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>.</dd>
- <dt id="a"><a class="permalink" href="#a"><code class="Fl">-a</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_ASKNAME"><b class="Sy" id="RB_ASKNAME">RB_ASKNAME</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. This causes the kernel to
- prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump device,
- and the path to <a class="Xr">init(8)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="b"><a class="permalink" href="#b"><code class="Fl">-b</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_HALT"><b class="Sy" id="RB_HALT">RB_HALT</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. This causes subsequent reboot
- attempts to halt instead of rebooting.</dd>
- <dt id="c"><a class="permalink" href="#c"><code class="Fl">-c</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_USERCONF"><b class="Sy" id="RB_USERCONF">RB_USERCONF</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. This causes the kernel to
- enter the <a class="Xr">userconf(4)</a> device configuration manager
- as soon as possible during the boot. <a class="Xr">userconf(4)</a>
- allows devices to be enabled or disabled, and allows device locators
- (such as hardware addresses or bus numbers) to be modified before the
- kernel attempts to attach the devices.</dd>
- <dt id="d"><a class="permalink" href="#d"><code class="Fl">-d</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_KDB"><b class="Sy" id="RB_KDB">RB_KDB</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Requests the kernel to enter
- debug mode, in which it waits for a connection from a kernel debugger;
- see <a class="Xr">ddb(4)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="m"><a class="permalink" href="#m"><code class="Fl">-m</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_MINIROOT"><b class="Sy" id="RB_MINIROOT">RB_MINIROOT</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Informs the kernel that a
- mini-root file system is present in memory.</dd>
- <dt id="q"><a class="permalink" href="#q"><code class="Fl">-q</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#AB_QUIET"><b class="Sy" id="AB_QUIET">AB_QUIET</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Boot the system in quiet
- mode.</dd>
- <dt id="s"><a class="permalink" href="#s"><code class="Fl">-s</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#RB_SINGLE"><b class="Sy" id="RB_SINGLE">RB_SINGLE</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Boot the system in
- single-user mode.</dd>
- <dt id="v"><a class="permalink" href="#v"><code class="Fl">-v</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#AB_VERBOSE"><b class="Sy" id="AB_VERBOSE">AB_VERBOSE</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Boot the system in verbose
- mode.</dd>
- <dt id="x"><a class="permalink" href="#x"><code class="Fl">-x</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#AB_DEBUG"><b class="Sy" id="AB_DEBUG">AB_DEBUG</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Boot the system with debug
- messages enabled.</dd>
- <dt id="z"><a class="permalink" href="#z"><code class="Fl">-z</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Sets the
- <a class="permalink" href="#AB_SILENT"><b class="Sy" id="AB_SILENT">AB_SILENT</b></a>
- flag in <var class="Va">boothowto</var>. Boot the system in silent
- mode.</dd>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- <dt id="consdev"><a class="permalink" href="#consdev"><code class="Ic">consdev</code></a>
- <var class="Va">dev</var></dt>
- <dd>Immediately switch the console to the specified device
- <var class="Va">dev</var> and reprint the banner.
- <var class="Va">dev</var> must be one of <var class="Ar">pc</var>,
- <var class="Ar">com0</var>, <var class="Ar">com1</var>,
- <var class="Ar">com2</var>, <var class="Ar">com3</var>,
- <var class="Ar">com0kbd</var>, <var class="Ar">com1kbd</var>,
- <var class="Ar">com2kbd</var>, <var class="Ar">com3kbd</var>, or
- <var class="Ar">auto</var>. See
- <a class="Sx" href="#Console_Selection_Policy">Console Selection
- Policy</a> in <a class="Xr">x86/boot_console(8)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="dev"><a class="permalink" href="#dev"><code class="Ic">dev</code></a>
- [<var class="Va">device</var>]</dt>
- <dd>Set the default drive and partition for subsequent filesystem operations.
- Without an argument, print the current setting.
- <var class="Va">device</var> is of the form specified in
- <code class="Cm">boot</code>.</dd>
- <dt id="help"><a class="permalink" href="#help"><code class="Ic">help</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Print an overview about commands and arguments.</dd>
- <dt id="ls"><a class="permalink" href="#ls"><code class="Ic">ls</code></a>
- [<span class="Pa">path</span>]</dt>
- <dd>Print a directory listing of <span class="Pa">path</span>, containing
- inode number, filename, and file type. <span class="Pa">path</span> can
- contain a device specification.</dd>
- <dt id="quit"><a class="permalink" href="#quit"><code class="Ic">quit</code></a></dt>
- <dd>Reboot the system.</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> installation notes for the specific
- architecture can be used.</p>
-</section>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
- <dt><span class="Pa">/boot</span></dt>
- <dd>boot program code loaded by the primary bootstrap</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/netbsd</span></dt>
- <dd>system code</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/netbsd.gz</span></dt>
- <dd>gzip-compressed system code</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/usr/mdec/boot</span></dt>
- <dd>master copy of the boot program (copy to /boot)</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/usr/mdec/bootxx_fstype</span></dt>
- <dd>primary bootstrap for filesystem type fstype, copied to the start of the
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> partition by
- <a class="Xr">installboot(8)</a>.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Architecture-specific <a class="Xr">boot(8)</a> manual pages (such
- as <a class="Xr">emips/boot(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">sparc64/boot(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">x86/boot(8)</a>), <a class="Xr">ddb(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">userconf(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">halt(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">installboot(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">reboot(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">rescue(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">shutdown(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">boothowto(9)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The kernel file name must be specified before, not after, the boot
- options. Any <var class="Ar">filename</var> specified after the boot
- options, e.g.:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">
-<pre><code class="Cm">boot -d netbsd.test</code></pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">is ignored, and the default kernel is booted.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">August 16, 2014</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>