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+.\" $NetBSD: wpi.4,v 1.17 2020/11/04 15:24:56 kim Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2006
+.\" Damien Bergamini <damien.bergamini@free.fr>. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following
+.\" disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd October 14, 2012
+.Dt WPI 4
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm wpi
+.Nd Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network driver
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Cd "wpi* at pci? dev ? function ?"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+driver provides support for
+.Tn Intel
+PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini PCI Express network adapters.
+.Pp
+These are the modes the
+.Nm
+driver can operate in:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It BSS mode
+Also known as
+.Em infrastructure
+mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through
+which all traffic passes.
+This mode is the default.
+.It monitor mode
+In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without
+associating with an access point.
+This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to
+capture packets from networks to which it wouldn't normally have access,
+or to scan for access points.
+.El
+.Pp
+.Nm
+supports software WEP.
+Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is the de facto encryption standard
+for wireless networks.
+It can be typically configured in one of three modes:
+no encryption; 40-bit encryption; or 104-bit encryption.
+Unfortunately, due to serious weaknesses in the WEP protocol
+it is strongly recommended that it not be used as the
+sole mechanism to secure wireless communication.
+WEP is not enabled by default.
+.Sh CONFIGURATION
+The
+.Nm
+driver can be configured at runtime with
+.Xr ifconfig 8
+using the following parameters:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Cm bssid Ar bssid
+Set the desired BSSID.
+.It Fl bssid
+Unset the desired BSSID.
+The interface will automatically select a BSSID in this mode, which is
+the default.
+.It Cm chan Ar n
+Set the channel (radio frequency) to be used by the driver based on
+the given channel ID
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl chan
+Unset the desired channel to be used by the driver.
+The driver will automatically select a channel in this mode, which is
+the default.
+.It Cm media Ar media
+The
+.Nm
+driver supports the following
+.Ar media
+types:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width autoselect -compact
+.It Cm autoselect
+Enable autoselection of the media type and options.
+.El
+.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
+The
+.Nm
+driver supports the following media options:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width monitor -compact
+.It Cm monitor
+Select monitor mode.
+.El
+.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
+Disable the specified media options on the driver and return it to the
+default mode of operation (BSS).
+.It Cm mode Ar mode
+The
+.Nm
+driver supports the following modes:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width 11b -compact
+.It Cm 11a
+Force 802.11a operation.
+.It Cm 11b
+Force 802.11b operation.
+.It Cm 11g
+Force 802.11g operation.
+.El
+.It Cm nwid Ar id
+Set the network ID.
+The
+.Ar id
+can either be any text string up to 32 characters in length,
+or a series of hexadecimal digits up to 64 digits.
+An empty
+.Ar id
+string allows the interface to connect to any available access points.
+By default the
+.Nm
+driver uses an empty string.
+Note that network ID is synonymous with Extended Service Set ID (ESSID).
+.It Cm nwkey Ar key
+Enable WEP encryption using the specified
+.Ar key .
+The
+.Ar key
+can either be a string, a series of hexadecimal digits (preceded by
+.Sq 0x ) ,
+or a set of keys of the form
+.Dq n:k1,k2,k3,k4 ,
+where
+.Sq n
+specifies which of the keys will be used for transmitted packets,
+and the four keys,
+.Dq k1
+through
+.Dq k4 ,
+are configured as WEP keys.
+If a set of keys is specified, a comma
+.Pq Sq \&,
+within the key must be escaped with a backslash.
+Note that if multiple keys are used, their order must be the same within
+the network.
+.Nm
+is capable of using both 40-bit (5 characters or 10 hexadecimal digits)
+or 104-bit (13 characters or 26 hexadecimal digits) keys.
+.It Fl nwkey
+Disable WEP encryption.
+This is the default mode of operation.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+The driver needs at least version 2.14.4 of the following firmware file,
+which is loaded when an interface is brought up:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Pa /libdata/firmware/if_wpi/iwlwifi-3945.ucode
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# ifconfig wpi0 nwkey 0x1deadbeef1
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Return wpi0 to its default settings:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# ifconfig wpi0 -bssid -chan media autoselect \e
+ nwid "" -nwkey
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Join an existing BSS network,
+.Dq my_net :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+# ifconfig wpi0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net
+.Ed
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+.Bl -diag
+.It "wpi%d: device timeout"
+A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time.
+The driver will reset the hardware.
+This should not happen.
+.It "wpi%d: fatal firmware error"
+For some reason, the firmware crashed.
+The driver will reset the hardware.
+This should not happen.
+.It "wpi%d: Radio transmitter is off"
+The radio transmitter is off and thus no packet can go out.
+The driver will reset the hardware.
+Make sure the laptop radio switch is on.
+.It "wpi%d: could not read firmware file"
+For some reason, the driver was unable to read the firmware image from the
+filesystem.
+The file might be missing or corrupted.
+.It "wpi%d: firmware file too short: %d bytes"
+The firmware image is corrupted and can't be loaded into the adapter.
+.It "wpi%d: could not load firmware"
+An attempt to load the firmware into the adapter failed.
+The driver will reset the hardware.
+.El
+.Sh NOTES
+On some laptops the radio transmitter button must be pushed twice
+to get the driver working, or you will get a
+.Pa "wpi%d: fatal firmware error"
+when the interface will be set to up
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr arp 4 ,
+.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
+.Xr intro 4 ,
+.Xr netintro 4 ,
+.Xr pci 4 ,
+.Xr ifconfig 8 ,
+.Xr firmload 9
+.Rs
+.%T The IPW Web Page
+.%U http://damien.bergamini.free.fr/ipw/
+.Re
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An -nosplit
+The
+.Nm
+driver was originally written by
+.An Damien Bergamini Aq Mt damien@openbsd.org .
+.Nx
+porting was done by
+.An Jean-Baptiste Campesato Aq Mt camjelemon@gmail.com .