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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">RTWN(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">RTWN(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">rtwn</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Realtek
- RTL8188CE/RTL8192CE PCIe IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless network device</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">rtwn* at pci? dev ? function ?</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver supports PCIe wireless
- network devices based on the Realtek RTL8188CE and RTL8192CE chipset.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The RTL8188CE is a highly integrated 802.11n adapter that combines
- a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. It operates in
- the 2GHz spectrum only.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The RTL8192CE is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out
- (MIMO) 802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an
- RF in a single chip. It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only.</p>
-<p class="Pp">These are the modes the <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver can
- operate in:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="infrastructure">BSS mode</dt>
- <dd>Also known as
- <a class="permalink" href="#infrastructure"><i class="Em">infrastructure</i></a>
- mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through which
- all traffic passes. This mode is the default.</dd>
- <dt>monitor mode</dt>
- <dd>In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without associating
- with an access point. This disables the internal receive filter and
- enables the card to capture packets from networks which it wouldn't
- normally have access to, or to scan for access points.</dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver can be configured to use
- Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA-PSK and
- WPA2-PSK). WPA is the current encryption standard for wireless networks. It
- is strongly recommended that WEP not be used as the sole mechanism to secure
- wireless communication, due to serious weaknesses in it.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver can be configured at
- runtime with <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a> or on boot with
- <a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The driver needs the following firmware files, which are loaded
- when an interface is brought up:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd-indent">
-<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
- <dt>/libdata/firmware/if_rtwn/rtl8192cfw.bin</dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
- <dt>/libdata/firmware/if_rtwn/rtl8192cfwU.bin</dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
- <dt>/libdata/firmware/if_rtwn/rtl8192cfwU_B.bin</dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The following <a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a> example configures
- rtwn0 to join whatever network is available on boot, using WEP key
- &#x201C;0x1deadbeef1&#x201D;, channel 11, obtaining an IP address using
- DHCP:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>nwkey 0x1deadbeef1 chan 11
-dhcp</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">Join an existing BSS network, &#x201C;my_net&#x201D;:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre># ifconfig rtwn0 192.168.1.1 netmask 0xffffff00 nwid my_net</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DIAGNOSTICS"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>rtwn%d: could not read firmware ...</dt>
- <dd>For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the
- filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted.</dd>
- <dt>rtwn%d: device timeout</dt>
- <dd>A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in
- time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">arp(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">netintro(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">pci(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">ifconfig.if(5)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">wpa_supplicant.conf(5)</a>, <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">wpa_supplicant(8)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver first appeared in
- <span class="Ux">OpenBSD 5.8</span> and in <span class="Ux">NetBSD
- 8.0</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver was written by
- <span class="An">Stefan Sperling</span> &#x27E8;stsp@openbsd.org&#x27E9; for
- <span class="Ux">OpenBSD</span> and ported to <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span>
- by <span class="An">NONAKA Kimihiro</span>
- &#x27E8;nonaka@NetBSD.org&#x27E9;. It was based on the
- <a class="Xr">urtwn(4)</a> driver written by <span class="An">Damien
- Bergamini</span> &#x27E8;damien.bergamini@free.fr&#x27E9;.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="CAVEATS"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS">CAVEATS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">rtwn</code> driver does not support any of
- the 802.11n capabilities offered by the adapters. Additional work is
- required in <a class="Xr">ieee80211(9)</a> before those features can be
- supported.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">August 27, 2015</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>