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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">APIC(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual (x86)</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">APIC(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">apic</code>, <code class="Nm">ioapic</code>,
- <code class="Nm">lapic</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Intel APIC
- Architecture</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">ioapic* at mainbus*</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">apic</code> subsystem provides basis for a
- system of advanced programmable interrupt controllers (APICs) originally
- designed by Intel but now widely used on all x86 systems.</p>
-<p class="Pp">There are two elements in the architecture, the local APIC (LAPIC)
- and the I/O APIC. Historically these were connected by a dedicated 3-wire
- &#x201C;APIC bus&#x201D;, but the system bus is used for communication
- today. The configuration is increasingly dependent on ACPI.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Typically each CPU in the system contains one LAPIC that performs
- two primary functions:</p>
-<ol class="Bl-enum Bd-indent">
- <li>It receives interrupts both from internal sources and from the external
- I/O APIC. The interrupt sources include I/O devices, the programmable APIC
- timer, performance monitoring counters, thermal sensor interrupts, and
- others.</li>
- <li>In multiprocessor (MP) systems a LAPIC receives and sends interprocessor
- interrupts (IPIs) from and to other processors in the system. IPIs are
- used to provide software interrupts, interrupt forwarding, or preemptive
- scheduling. Against this, the architecture can be generally seen as an
- attempt to solve the interrupt routing efficiency issues in MP
- systems.</li>
-</ol>
-<p class="Pp">There is typically one I/O APIC for each peripheral bus in the
- system. Each I/O APIC has a series of interrupt inputs to external interrupt
- sources. The architecture usually contains a redirection table which can be
- used to route the interrupts that an I/O APIC receives to one or more local
- APICs. When a LAPIC is able to accept an interrupt, it will signal the CPU.
- Without an I/O APIC, the local APICs are therefore mostly useless; one of
- the primary functions of the architecture is no longer achievable,
- interrupts can not be distributed to different CPUs.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The 8259 PIC has coexisted with the architecture since its
- introduction. It is still possible to disable the APIC system and revert
- back to a 8259-compatible PIC. But the widespread use of MP systems has made
- this mainly a fallback option.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">acpi(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">mainbus(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">x86/ichlpcib(4)</a></p>
-<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">Intel Corporation</span>,
- <span class="RsT">Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's
- Manual</span>, <span class="RsV">Volume 3A: System Programming Guide, Part
- 1</span>,
- <a class="RsU" href="http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253668.pdf">http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253668.pdf</a>,
- <span class="RsP">Chapter 10</span>, <span class="RsD">January,
- 2011</span>.</cite></p>
-<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">Intel Corporation</span>,
- <span class="RsT">Intel 82093AA I/O Advanced Programmable</span>,
- <span class="RsT">Interrupt Controller (I/O APIC) Datasheet</span>,
- <a class="RsU" href="http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/29056601.pdf">http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/29056601.pdf</a>,
- <span class="RsD">May, 1996</span>.</cite></p>
-<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">Intel Corporation</span>,
- <span class="RsT">8259A, Programmable Interrupt Controller</span>,
- <a class="RsU" href="http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2005/readings/hardware/8259A.pdf">http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/6.828/2005/readings/hardware/8259A.pdf</a>,
- <span class="RsD">December, 1988</span>.</cite></p>
-<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">John Baldwin</span>,
- <span class="RsT">PCI Interrupts for x86 Machines under FreeBSD</span>,
- <a class="RsU" href="http://people.freebsd.org/~jhb/papers/bsdcan/2007/article.pdf">http://people.freebsd.org/~jhb/papers/bsdcan/2007/article.pdf</a>,
- <span class="RsD">May 18-19, 2007</span>, <span class="RsO">Proceedings of
- BSDCan 2007</span>.</cite></p>
-<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">Microsoft Corporation</span>,
- <span class="RsT">PCI IRQ Routing on a Multiprocessor ACPI System</span>,
- <a class="RsU" href="http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/archive/acpi-mp.mspx">http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/archive/acpi-mp.mspx</a>,
- <span class="RsD">December 4, 2001</span>.</cite></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Authors of the <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> implementation of
- the Intel APIC Architecture include <span class="An">Andrew Doran</span>,
- <span class="An">Bill Sommerfeld</span>, <span class="An">Frank van der
- Linden</span>, and <span class="An">Stefan Grefen</span>, among others. The
- older 8259 PIC implementation is based on the work of
- <span class="An">William Jolitz</span>.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">February 17, 2017</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>