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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">EC(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual (vax)</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">EC(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">ec</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">3Com 10 Mb/s
- Ethernet interface</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">ec0 at uba0 csr 161000 vector ecrint eccollide
- ecxint flags 0</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">NOTE: This driver has not been ported from
- <span class="Ux">4.4BSD</span> yet.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ec</code> interface provides access to a 10
- Mb/s Ethernet network through a 3Com controller.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The hardware has 32 kilobytes of dual-ported memory on the UNIBUS.
- This memory is used for internal buffering by the board, and the interface
- code reads the buffer contents directly through the UNIBUS. The address of
- this memory is given in the <var class="Ar">flags</var> field in the
- configuration file. The first interface normally has its memory at UNIBUS
- address 0.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Each of the host's network addresses is specified at boot time
- with an <code class="Dv">SIOCSIFADDR</code> <a class="Xr">ioctl(2)</a>. The
- <code class="Nm">ec</code> interface employs the address resolution protocol
- described in <a class="Xr">arp(4)</a> to dynamically map between Internet
- and Ethernet addresses on the local network.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The interface software implements an exponential backoff algorithm
- when notified of a collision on the cable. This algorithm uses a 16-bit mask
- and the VAX-11's interval timer in calculating a series of random backoff
- values. The algorithm is as follows:</p>
-<ol class="Bl-enum Bd-indent">
- <li>Initialize the mask to be all 1's.</li>
- <li>If the mask is zero, 16 retries have been made and we give up.</li>
- <li>Shift the mask left one bit and formulate a backoff by masking the
- interval timer with the smaller of the complement of this mask and a 5-bit
- mask, resulting in a pseudo-random number between 0 and 31. This produces
- the number of slot times to delay, where a slot is 51 microseconds.</li>
- <li>Use the value calculated in step 3 to delay before retransmitting the
- packet. The delay is done in a software busy loop.</li>
-</ol>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DIAGNOSTICS"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>ec%d: send error.</dt>
- <dd>After 16 retransmissions using the exponential backoff algorithm described
- above, the packet was dropped.</dd>
- <dt>ec%d: input error (offset=%d).</dt>
- <dd>The hardware indicated an error in reading a packet off the cable or an
- illegally sized packet. The buffer offset value is printed for debugging
- purposes.</dd>
- <dt>ec%d: can't handle af%d.</dt>
- <dd>The interface was handed a message with addresses formatted in an
- unsuitable address family; the packet was dropped.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">arp(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">inet(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">netintro(4)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ec</code> driver appeared in
- <span class="Ux">4.2BSD</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The hardware is not capable of talking to itself. The software
- implements local sending and broadcast by sending such packets to the loop
- interface. This is a kludge.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Backoff delays are done in a software busy loop. This can degrade
- the system if the network experiences frequent collisions.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">February 5, 2019</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>