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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">INTRO(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual (alpha)</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">INTRO(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">intro</code> &#x2014;
- <span class="Nd">introduction to alpha special files and hardware
- support</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">This section describes the special files, related driver
- functions, and networking support available in the system. In this part of
- the manual, the SYNOPSIS section of each configurable device gives a sample
- specification for use in constructing a system description for the
- <a class="Xr">config(1)</a> program. The DIAGNOSTICS section lists messages
- which may appear on the console and/or in the system error log
- <span class="Pa">/var/log/messages</span> due to errors in device operation;
- see <a class="Xr">syslogd(8)</a> for more information.</p>
-<p class="Pp">This section contains both devices which may be configured into
- the system and network related information. The networking support is
- introduced in <a class="Xr">netintro(4)</a>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DEVICE_SUPPORT"><a class="permalink" href="#DEVICE_SUPPORT">DEVICE
- SUPPORT</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">This section describes the hardware supported by
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span>/alpha. Software support for these devices
- comes in two forms. A hardware device may be supported with a character or
- block <a class="permalink" href="#device"><i class="Em" id="device">device
- driver</i></a>, or it may be used within the networking subsystem and have a
- <a class="permalink" href="#network"><i class="Em" id="network">network
- interface driver</i></a>. Block and character devices are accessed through
- files in the file system of a special type; see <a class="Xr">mknod(8)</a>.
- Network interfaces are indirectly accessed through the interprocess
- communication facilities provided by the system; see
- <a class="Xr">socket(2)</a>.</p>
-<p class="Pp">A hardware device is identified to the system at configuration
- time and the appropriate device or network interface driver is then compiled
- into the system. When the resultant system is booted, the autoconfiguration
- facilities in the system probe for the device and, if found, enable the
- software support for it. If a device does not respond at autoconfiguration
- time it is not accessible at any time afterwards. To enable a device which
- did not autoconfigure, the system must be rebooted.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The autoconfiguration system is described in
- <a class="Xr">alpha/autoconf(4)</a>. A list of the supported devices is
- given below.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">config(1)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">alpha/autoconf(4)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HARDWARE"><a class="permalink" href="#HARDWARE">HARDWARE</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">DEC and Compaq have produced a series of the Alpha CPU, some of
- which are listed below, along with some systems which contain them.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> Project distributes binary
- programs for its Alpha port compiled for the lowest common denominator CPU
- instruction set, to guarantee binary compatibility across all supported
- Alpha systems. However, it is possible to sacrifice binary compatibility for
- additional performance on later model CPUs with performance enhancing
- instructions (e.g. the 21164-A and later with the BWX extensions). This
- requires recompiling from source code, with appropriate options given to
- <a class="Xr">cc(1)</a> to indicate the target CPU.</p>
-<p class="Pp">&quot;EV&quot; stands for &quot;Extended VAX&quot; (or
- &quot;Electro Vlassic&quot;) and the number following is a reference to the
- CMOS process used to make the chips. &quot;LCA&quot; stands for Low Cost
- Alpha, and &quot;PCA&quot; stands for PC-architecture Alpha.</p>
-<dl class="Bl-hang">
- <dt id="EV4">21064</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV4"><b class="Sy">EV4</b></a> (100-200 MHz,
- 0.75 micron)
- <p class="Pp">AlphaPC 64 (EB64)</p>
- <dl class="Bl-hang">
- <dt>Jensen family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- DECpc AXP 150 (Jensen)
- <br/>
- DEC 2000/300 (Jensen)
- <br/>
- DEC 2000/500 (Culzen)</dd>
- <dt>Avanti family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- Digital's lower-end PCI-based workstations.
- <p class="Pp">AlphaStation 200 4/100-166 (Mustang)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 400 4/166 (Chinet)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt>Sable family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2000 4/200 (Demi-Sable)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2100 4/200 (Sable)</dd>
- <dt>Pelican family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- Low-end TURBOchannel based workstations.
- <p class="Pp">DEC 3000/300 (150 MHz) (Pelican)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/300X (175 MHz) (Pelican+)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/300L (100 MHz) (Pelica)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/300LX (125 MHz) (Pelica+)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt>Sandpiper family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- High-end TURBOchannel based workstations.
- <p class="Pp">DEC 3000/400 (133 MHz) (Sandpiper)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/600 (175 MHz) (Sandpiper+)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt>Flamingo family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- High-end TURBOchannel based workstations.
- <p class="Pp">DEC 3000/500 (150 MHz) (Flamingo)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/500X (200 MHz) (Hot Pink)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/800 (200 MHz) (Flamingo II)</p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- </dd>
- <dt id="EV45">21064-A</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV45"><b class="Sy">EV45</b></a> (225-333 MHz,
- 0.50 micron)
- <p class="Pp">DEC 3000/700 (225 MHz) (Sandpiper45)
- <br/>
- DEC 3000/900 (275 MHz) (Flamingo45)</p>
- <p class="Pp">Alpha XL 233-266 (XL)
- <br/>
- AlphaPC 64 (EB64+)</p>
- <dl class="Bl-hang">
- <dt>Avanti family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- Digital's lower-end PCI-based workstations.
- <p class="Pp">AlphaStation 200 4/233 (Mustang+)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 205 4/133-333 (LX3)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 250 4/300 (M3+)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 255 4/133-333 (LX3+)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 300 4/266 (Melmac)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 400 4/233-300 (Avanti)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt>Sable family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2000 4/233-275 (Demi-Sable)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2100 4/233-275 (Sable)</dd>
- </dl>
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer 2100A (Lynx)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="LCA4">21066</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#LCA4"><b class="Sy">LCA4</b></a> (166-233 MHz,
- 0.75 micron)
- <dl class="Bl-hang">
- <dt>NoName family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- Digital's lowest-end family of PCI-based systems.
- <p class="Pp">DEC AXPpci33 (NoName)
- <br/>
- Universal Desktop Box AXPpci166MT (UDB/Multia)</p>
- </dd>
- </dl>
- <p class="Pp">21066 evaluation motherboard (EB66)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="LCA45">21066-A</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#LCA45"><b class="Sy">LCA45</b></a> (233 MHz,
- 0.50 micron)
- <p class="Pp">21066-A evaluation motherboard (EB66+)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="LCA4s">21068</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#LCA4s"><b class="Sy">LCA4s</b></a> (66-233
- MHz, 0.75 micron)
- <p class="Pp">Alpha Book (Burns)
- <br/>
- Universal Desktop Box AXPpci233MT (UDB/Multia)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="EV5">21164</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV5"><b class="Sy">EV5</b></a> (250-366 MHz,
- 0.50 micron)
- <dl class="Bl-hang">
- <dt>Alcor family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 500/266-333 (Maverick)
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 600/266-300 (Alcor)
- <br/>
- Alpha XL 300-433 (XLT)</dd>
- <dt>Sable family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2000 5/250-300 (Demi-Gamma)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2100 5/250-300 (Gamma Sable)</dd>
- <dt>Mikasa family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 1000 5/300 (Pinnacle)</dd>
- <dt>Noritake family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 1000A 5/300 (Pinnacle)</dd>
- <dt>Rawhide family</dt>
- <dd>(KN300)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 4000 5/266-300 (Wrangler)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 4000 5/266-300 (Durango)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 4100 5/266-300 (Dodge)</dd>
- </dl>
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (KN8AE)</p>
- <p class="Pp">21164 evaluation motherboard (EB164)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="EV56">21164-A</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV56"><b class="Sy">EV56</b></a> (400-766 MHz,
- 0.35 micron, BWX)
- <dl class="Bl-hang">
- <dt>Alcor family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaStation 500/333-500 (Bret)</dd>
- <dt>Personal Workstation (PWS)</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- PWS 433a/433au (Miata)
- <br/>
- PWS 500a/500au (Miata)
- <br/>
- PWS 600a/600au (Miata)</dd>
- <dt>Sable family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2100 5/375-400 (Gamma Sable)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 2000 5/375-400 (Demi-Gamma)</dd>
- <dt>Mikasa family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 1000 5/333-500 (Primo)</dd>
- <dt>Noritake family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 1000A 5/333-500 (Primo)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 600A 5/500 (Alcor-Primo)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 800 5/333-500 (Corelle)</dd>
- <dt>Rawhide family</dt>
- <dd>(KN300)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 4000 5/400-666 (Wrangler)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 4000 5/400-666 (Durango)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 4100 5/400-666 (Dodge)
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer 1200 5/400-666 (Tincup)
- <br/>
- AlphaServer 1200 5/400-666 (DaVinci)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt>EB164 family</dt>
- <dd>
- <br/>
- AlphaPC 164 motherboard (EB164)
- <br/>
- AlphaPC 164LX motherboard (EB164)</dd>
- </dl>
- <p class="Pp">DigitalServer 3300 (rebadged AlphaServer 800 for NT)
- <br/>
- DigitalServer 5300 (rebadged AlphaServer 1200 for NT)
- <br/>
- DigitalServer 7300 (rebadged AlphaServer 4100 for NT)</p>
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer 8200 and 8400 (KN8AE)</p>
- <p class="Pp">APi AlphaPC 164UX motherboard (Ruffian)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="PCA56">21164-PC</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#PCA56"><b class="Sy">PCA56</b></a> (400-600
- MHz, 0.35 micron, MVI, no L2 cache)
- <p class="Pp">AlphaPC 164SX motherboard (EB164)</p>
- <p class="Pp">PWS 466au (Miata)
- <br/>
- PWS 550au (Miata)</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="EV6">21264</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV6"><b class="Sy">EV6</b></a> (450-600 MHz,
- 0.35 micron)
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer 8400 (KN8AE)</p>
- <p class="Pp">APi UP1000 and UP1100; AMD 751-based EV6 systems.</p>
- <p class="Pp">264DP, XP1000, DS10, DS20, APi UP2000, UP2000+ Tsunami-based
- systems.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="EV67">21264-A</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV67"><b class="Sy">EV67</b></a> (600-833 MHz,
- 0.28 micron)
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer GS60E
- <br/>
- AlphaServer GS140</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="EV68AL">21264-B</dt>
- <dd><a class="permalink" href="#EV68AL"><b class="Sy">EV68AL</b></a> (833-1250
- MHz, 0.18 micron)
- <p class="Pp">AlphaServer DS20L</p>
- </dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="LIST_OF_DEVICES"><a class="permalink" href="#LIST_OF_DEVICES">LIST
- OF DEVICES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The devices listed below are supported in this incarnation of the
- system. Devices are indicated by their functional interface. Not all
- supported devices are listed.</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd-indent">
-<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
- <dt>apecs</dt>
- <dd>DECchip 21072/21071 Core Logic chipset</dd>
- <dt>asc</dt>
- <dd>TURBOchannel single-channel SCSI adapter</dd>
- <dt>cia</dt>
- <dd>DECchip 2117x Core Logic chipset</dd>
- <dt>dwlpx</dt>
- <dd>DEC DWLPA and DWLPB PCI adapter</dd>
- <dt>gbus</dt>
- <dd>internal bus on AlphaServer CPU modules</dd>
- <dt>irongate</dt>
- <dd>APi UP1000 AMD751 Core Logic + AGP chipset</dd>
- <dt>jensenio</dt>
- <dd>DEC 2000/300 (Jensen) I/O module</dd>
- <dt>kft</dt>
- <dd>KFTIA and KFTHA Bus Adapter Node for I/O hoses</dd>
- <dt>lca</dt>
- <dd>DECchip 21066 Core Logic chipset</dd>
- <dt>mcbus</dt>
- <dd>MCBUS system bus found on AlphaServer 4100 systems</dd>
- <dt>mcpcia</dt>
- <dd>MCPCIA MCBUS-to-PCI bus adapter</dd>
- <dt>sableio</dt>
- <dd>AlphaServer 2100 (Sable) STD I/O module</dd>
- <dt>tcasic</dt>
- <dd>TURBOchannel host bus support</dd>
- <dt>tlsb</dt>
- <dd>AlphaServer 8x00 TurboLaser System bus</dd>
- <dt>tsc</dt>
- <dd>DECchip 21272 Core Logic chipset</dd>
- <dt>tsciic</dt>
- <dd>DECchip 21272 Core Logic chipset I2C controller</dd>
- <dt>tsp</dt>
- <dd>DECchip 21272 Core Logic chipset PCI controller</dd>
- <dt>ttwoga</dt>
- <dd>DEC T2 Gate Array</dd>
- <dt>ttwopci</dt>
- <dd>DEC T2 Gate Array PCI controller</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">TURBOchannel devices are supported through the
- <a class="Xr">tc(4)</a> bus and associated device drivers.</p>
-<p class="Pp">PCI devices are supported through the <a class="Xr">pci(4)</a> bus
- and associated device drivers.</p>
-<p class="Pp">ISA devices are supported through the <a class="Xr">isa(4)</a> bus
- and associated device drivers.</p>
-<p class="Pp">EISA devices are supported through the <a class="Xr">eisa(4)</a>
- bus and associated device drivers.</p>
-<p class="Pp">PCMCIA devices are supported through the
- <a class="Xr">pcmcia(4)</a> bus and associated device drivers.</p>
-<p class="Pp">I2C devices are supported through the <a class="Xr">iic(4)</a> bus
- and associated device drivers.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Console devices using ISA, EISA, or PCI video adaptors and
- standard AT or PS/2 keyboards are supported by the machine independent
- <a class="Xr">wscons(4)</a> console driver.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">This alpha <code class="Nm">intro</code> appeared in
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD 1.6</span>.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">February 17, 2017</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>