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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">DRM(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">DRM(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">drm</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Direct
- Rendering Manager &#x2014; display configuration and graphics rendering
- acceleration</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Kernel_mode-setting_drivers"><a class="permalink" href="#Kernel_mode-setting_drivers">Kernel
- mode-setting drivers</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">amdgpu* at pci? dev ? function ?</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">i915drmkms* at pci? dev ? function ?</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">nouveau* at pci? dev ? function ?</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">radeon* at pci? dev ? function ?</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">rkdrm* at fdt? pass 5</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">sunxidrm* at fdt? pass 5</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">tegradrm* at fdt? pass 5</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Legacy_user_mode-setting_options_and_drivers"><a class="permalink" href="#Legacy_user_mode-setting_options_and_drivers">Legacy
- user mode-setting options and drivers</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">options DRM_LEGACY</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">viadrmums* at drm?</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Options"><a class="permalink" href="#Options">Options</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">options
- DRM_MAX_RESOLUTION_HORIZONTAL=integer</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">options DRM_MAX_RESOLUTION_VERTICAL=integer</code></p>
-</section>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The Direct Rendering Manager is part of the Direct Rendering
- Infrastructure for supporting display configuration and hardware
- acceleration for graphics rendering and other computation on a graphics
- processing unit (GPU).</p>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">drm</code> drivers come in two generations:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt>Kernel mode-setting (KMS)</dt>
- <dd>Modern drivers that query and control display configuration in the kernel
- via <a class="Xr">ioctl(2)</a> commands exposed to userland.
- <p class="Pp">The <span class="Pa">/dev/dri/render*</span> device nodes
- provide access to graphics buffers and command stream submission for
- rendering. The <span class="Pa">/dev/dri/card*</span> device nodes
- additionally provide access to the display configuration.</p>
- <p class="Pp">KMS drivers provided as modules must generally be loaded by
- the bootloader, configured in <a class="Xr">boot.cfg(8)</a>, and cannot
- be loaded dynamically.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt>User mode-setting (UMS)</dt>
- <dd>Legacy drivers that rely on userland support code that accesses device
- registers in the <a class="Xr">X(7)</a> server to query and control
- display configuration. The kernel may be unable to recover if the display
- server crashes, or the device is suspended or resumed.
- <p class="Pp">The kernel driver and <span class="Pa">/dev/dri/card*</span>
- interfaces only manage buffers mapped in the GPU address space. Display
- configuration from userland requires the
- <code class="Dv">INSECURE</code> option (see
- <a class="Xr">options(4)</a>) to allow userland access to device
- registers.</p>
- <p class="Pp">The <code class="Dv">DRM_LEGACY</code> option allows legacy
- UMS drivers to be loaded as modules (see
- <a class="Xr">module(7)</a>).</p>
- </dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">drm</code> drivers provide support for the
- following graphics devices:</p>
-<div class="Bd-indent">
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt>amdgpu</dt>
- <dd>Newer AMD graphics devices.</dd>
- <dt>i915drmkms</dt>
- <dd>Intel integrated graphics devices from the i915 series onward. (Some i8xx
- support is included but not well-maintained. i7xx is not supported.)</dd>
- <dt>nouveau</dt>
- <dd>NVIDIA graphics devices.</dd>
- <dt>radeon</dt>
- <dd>Older AMD (including formerly ATI) Radeon graphics devices.</dd>
- <dt>viadrmums (legacy UMS)</dt>
- <dd>VIA graphics devices.</dd>
-</dl>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">With some drivers (at least <a class="Xr">radeon(4)</a>), in some
- cases the driver does not choose the resolution correctly. The options
- <code class="Dv">DRM_MAX_RESOLUTION_HORIZONTAL</code> and
- <code class="Dv">DRM_MAX_RESOLUTION_VERTICAL</code> allow limiting the
- maximum resolution in X and Y direction.</p>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">X(7)</a> will attempt to create the device nodes
- automatically and use <code class="Nm">drm</code> automatically. To create a
- device node manually:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>mkdir -p /dev/dri
-mknod /dev/dri/card0 c 180 0
-chgrp wheel /dev/dri/card0
-chmod 0660 /dev/dri/card0</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">Debugging output can be enabled and disabled by setting flag bits
- in the <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a> node
- <code class="Dv">hw.drm2.__drm_debug</code>. Various other knobs may be
- available under <code class="Dv">hw.drm2</code>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt><span class="Pa">/dev/dri/render*</span></dt>
- <dd>Provides access to graphics buffers and command stream submission for
- rendering. Generally unprivileged.</dd>
- <dt><span class="Pa">/dev/dri/card*</span></dt>
- <dd>In addition to everything provided by
- <span class="Pa">/dev/dri/render*</span>, provides access to change the
- display configuration. Usually privileged.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="CODE_REFERENCES"><a class="permalink" href="#CODE_REFERENCES">CODE
- REFERENCES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">drm</code> subsystem and drivers mostly live
- under <span class="Pa">sys/external/bsd/drm2</span>, with various Linux API
- shims in <span class="Pa">sys/external/bsd/common</span> and some individual
- <code class="Nm">drm</code> drivers scattered elsewhere in the tree.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">Xorg(1)</a>, <a class="Xr">agp(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">xorg.conf(5)</a>, <a class="Xr">X(7)</a></p>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Lk" href="https://dri.freedesktop.org/">Direct Rendering
- Infrastructure</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">drm</code> was first available for Linux and
- later ported to <span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> and
- <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span>. The port to <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span>
- was redone after the introduction of KMS.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The first generation of <code class="Nm">drm</code> drivers
- appeared in <span class="Ux">NetBSD 5.0</span>. The second generation of
- <code class="Nm">drm</code> with KMS appeared in <span class="Ux">NetBSD
- 7.0</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Too many to list.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Work on the <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> port was contributed
- by: <span class="An">Anonymous</span>, <span class="An">Nia Alarie</span>,
- <span class="An">Eric Anholt</span>, <span class="An">Rafal Boni</span>,
- <span class="An">Taylor R Campbell</span>, <span class="An">Mihai
- Chelaru</span>, <span class="An">David Brownlee</span>,
- <span class="An">Jarom&#x00ED;r Doleek</span>, <span class="An">Matthias
- Drochner</span>, <span class="An">Christoph Egger</span>,
- <span class="An">FUKAUMI Naoki</span>, <span class="An">Paul Goyette</span>,
- <span class="An">matthew green</span>, <span class="An">Yorick Hardy</span>,
- <span class="An">Nick Hudson</span>, <span class="An">Martin
- Husemann</span>, <span class="An">Arto Huusko</span>,
- <span class="An">Thomas Klausner</span>, <span class="An">Jonathan
- Kollasch</span>, <span class="An">Tonnerre Lombard</span>,
- <span class="An">Jared McNeill</span>, <span class="An">Jeremy Morse</span>,
- <span class="An">Kimihiro Nonaka</span>, <span class="An">Tobias
- Nygren</span>, <span class="An">Rin Okuyama</span>, <span class="An">Maya
- Rashish</span>, <span class="An">Erik Reid</span>, <span class="An">Masanobu
- SAITOH</span>, <span class="An">Blair Sadewitz</span>,
- <span class="An">Chuck Silvers</span>, <span class="An">Nathanial
- Sloss</span>, <span class="An">J&#x00F6;rg Sonnenberger</span>,
- <span class="An">Gr&#x00E9;goire Sutre</span>, <span class="An">Matt
- Thomas</span>, <span class="An">Izumi Tsutsui</span>,
- <span class="An">Patrick Welche</span>, and <span class="An">Christos
- Zoulas</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="CAVEATS"><a class="permalink" href="#CAVEATS">CAVEATS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">drm</code> is large and complicated and has no
- shortage of bugs. On systems where graphics is not important, you may wish
- to use <a class="Xr">userconf(4)</a> to disable the special-purpose
- <code class="Nm">drm</code> drivers for your graphics device and fall back
- to <a class="Xr">vga(4)</a> or <a class="Xr">genfb(4)</a> with the default
- display configuration provided by firmware.</p>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">drm</code> is not &#x2018;Digital Rights
- Management&#x2019; and does not deprive you of agency over your own
- computer, except insofar as the code base is difficult to maintain.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">October 21, 2023</td>
- <td class="foot-os">NetBSD 10.1</td>
- </tr>
-</table>