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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">FETCH(9)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Kernel Developer's Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">FETCH(9)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">fetch</code>, <code class="Nm">fubyte</code>,
- <code class="Nm">fuword</code>, <code class="Nm">fuword16</code>,
- <code class="Nm">fuword32</code>, <code class="Nm">fuword64</code>,
- <code class="Nm">fueword</code>, <code class="Nm">fueword32</code>,
- <code class="Nm">fueword64</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">fetch data from
- user-space</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="In">#include
- &lt;<a class="In">sys/types.h</a>&gt;</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="In">#include &lt;<a class="In">sys/systm.h</a>&gt;</code></p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fubyte</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">long</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fuword</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fuword16</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int32_t</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fuword32</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int64_t</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fuword64</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fueword</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>, <var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">long
- *val</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fueword32</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>, <var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">int32_t
- *val</var>);</p>
-<p class="Pp"><var class="Ft">int</var>
- <br/>
- <code class="Fn">fueword64</code>(<var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">volatile
- const void *base</var>, <var class="Fa" style="white-space: nowrap;">int64_t
- *val</var>);</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">fetch</code> functions are designed to copy
- small amounts of data from user-space of the current process. If the user
- address is naturally aligned, then the operation will be performed
- atomically. Otherwise it may fail or be performed non-atomically, depending
- on the platform.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">fetch</code> routines provide the following
- functionality:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="fubyte"><a class="permalink" href="#fubyte"><code class="Fn">fubyte</code></a>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches a byte of data from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span>. The byte read is zero-extended into the
- results variable.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Fn">fuword</code>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches a word of data (long) from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span>.</dd>
- <dt id="fuword16"><a class="permalink" href="#fuword16"><code class="Fn">fuword16</code></a>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches 16 bits of data from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span>. The half-word read is zero-extended into the
- results variable.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Fn">fuword32</code>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches 32 bits of data from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span>.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Fn">fuword64</code>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches 64 bits of data from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span>.</dd>
- <dt id="fueword"><a class="permalink" href="#fueword"><code class="Fn">fueword</code></a>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches a word of data (long) from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span> and stores the result in the variable pointed
- by <span class="Pa">val</span>.</dd>
- <dt id="fueword32"><a class="permalink" href="#fueword32"><code class="Fn">fueword32</code></a>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches 32 bits of data from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span> and stores the result in the variable pointed
- by <span class="Pa">val</span>.</dd>
- <dt id="fueword64"><a class="permalink" href="#fueword64"><code class="Fn">fueword64</code></a>()</dt>
- <dd>Fetches 64 bits of data from the user-space address
- <span class="Pa">base</span> and stores the result in the variable pointed
- by <span class="Pa">val</span>.</dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp" id="fuword">The callers of
- <a class="permalink" href="#fuword"><code class="Fn">fuword</code></a>(),
- <a class="permalink" href="#fuword32"><code class="Fn" id="fuword32">fuword32</code></a>()
- and
- <a class="permalink" href="#fuword64"><code class="Fn" id="fuword64">fuword64</code></a>()
- functions cannot distinguish between -1 read from userspace and function
- failure.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="RETURN_VALUES"><a class="permalink" href="#RETURN_VALUES">RETURN
- VALUES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Fn">fubyte</code>(),
- <code class="Fn">fuword</code>(), <code class="Fn">fuword16</code>(),
- <code class="Fn">fuword32</code>(), and <code class="Fn">fuword64</code>()
- functions return the data fetched or -1 on failure. The
- <code class="Fn">fueword</code>(), <code class="Fn">fueword32</code>() and
- <code class="Fn">fueword64</code>() functions return 0 on success and -1 on
- failure.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">copy(9)</a>, <a class="Xr">store(9)</a></p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">July 22, 2021</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>