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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">XEN(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">XEN(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">xen</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Xen
- Hypervisor Support</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">FreeBSD supports running both as a Xen guest and host on amd64
- hardware. Guest support is limited to HVM and PVH modes, while host support
- is limited to PVH mode only.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Xen support is built by default in the i386 and amd64 GENERIC
- kernels; note however that host mode is only available on amd64.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The Xen Hypervisor allows multiple virtual machines to be run on a
- single computer system. When first released, Xen required that i386 kernels
- be compiled &quot;para-virtualized&quot; as the x86 instruction set was not
- fully virtualizable. Primarily, para-virtualization modifies the virtual
- memory system to use hypervisor calls (hypercalls) rather than direct
- hardware instructions to modify the TLB, although para-virtualized device
- drivers were also required to access resources such as virtual network
- interfaces and disk devices.</p>
-<p class="Pp">With later instruction set extensions from AMD and Intel to
- support fully virtualizable instructions, unmodified virtual memory systems
- can also be supported; this is referred to as hardware-assisted
- virtualization (HVM and PVH). HVM configurations may either rely on
- transparently emulated hardware peripherals, or para-virtualized drivers,
- which are aware of virtualization, and hence able to optimize certain
- behaviors to improve performance or semantics. PVH configurations rely on
- para-virtualized drivers exclusively for IO.</p>
-<p class="Pp"><span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> Para-virtualized device drivers
- are required in order to support certain functionality, such as processing
- management requests, returning idle physical memory pages to the hypervisor,
- etc.</p>
-<section class="Ss">
-<h2 class="Ss" id="Xen_device_drivers"><a class="permalink" href="#Xen_device_drivers">Xen
- device drivers</a></h2>
-<p class="Pp">These para-virtualized drivers are supported:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-hang Bd-indent">
- <dt><code class="Nm">balloon</code></dt>
- <dd>Allow physical memory pages to be returned to the hypervisor as a result
- of manual tuning or automatic policy.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">blkback</code></dt>
- <dd>Exports local block devices or files to other Xen domains where they can
- then be imported via <code class="Nm">blkfront</code>.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">blkfront</code></dt>
- <dd>Import block devices from other Xen domains as local block devices, to be
- used for file systems, swap, etc.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">console</code></dt>
- <dd>Export the low-level system console via the Xen console service.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">control</code></dt>
- <dd>Process management operations from Domain 0, including power off, reboot,
- suspend, crash, and halt requests.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">evtchn</code></dt>
- <dd>Expose Xen events via the <span class="Pa">/dev/xen/evtchn</span> special
- device.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">gntdev</code></dt>
- <dd>Allow access to the grant table interface via the
- <span class="Pa">/dev/xen/gntdev</span> special device.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">netback</code></dt>
- <dd>Export local network interfaces to other Xen domains where they can be
- imported via <code class="Nm">netfront</code>.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">netfront</code></dt>
- <dd>Import network interfaces from other Xen domains as local network
- interfaces, which may be used for IPv4, IPv6, etc.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">privcmd</code></dt>
- <dd>Allow issuing hypercalls via the <span class="Pa">/dev/xen/privcmd</span>
- special device.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">timer</code></dt>
- <dd>Implementation of a one-shot high resolution per-CPU timer using the
- hypercall interface.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">acpi cpu</code></dt>
- <dd>When running as a host forwards power management related information from
- ACPI to the hypervisor for better performance management.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">xenpci</code></dt>
- <dd>Represents the Xen PCI device, an emulated PCI device that is exposed to
- HVM domains. This device allows detection of the Xen hypervisor, and
- provides interrupt and shared memory services required to interact with
- the hypervisor.</dd>
- <dt><code class="Nm">xenstore</code></dt>
- <dd>Information storage space shared between domains.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Support for <code class="Nm">xen</code> first appeared in
- <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 8.1</span>. Support for host mode was added in 11.0
- .</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> support for Xen was first added by
- <span class="An">Kip Macy</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:kmacy@FreeBSD.org">kmacy@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;
- and <span class="An">Doug Rabson</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:dfr@FreeBSD.org">dfr@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.
- Further refinements were made by <span class="An">Justin Gibbs</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:gibbs@FreeBSD.org">gibbs@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;,
- <span class="An">Adrian Chadd</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:adrian@FreeBSD.org">adrian@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;,
- <span class="An">Colin Percival</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:cperciva@FreeBSD.org">cperciva@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;,
- and <span class="An">Roger Pau Monn&#x00E9;</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:royger@FreeBSD.org">royger@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.
- This manual page was written by <span class="An">Robert Watson</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:rwatson@FreeBSD.org">rwatson@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;,
- and <span class="An">Roger Pau Monn&#x00E9;</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:royger@FreeBSD.org">royger@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">January 8, 2024</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>