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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">VIRTIO(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">VIRTIO(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">virtio</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">VirtIO
- Device Support</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">To compile VirtIO device support into the kernel, place the
- following lines in your kernel configuration file:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">device virtio</code>
-<br/>
-<code class="Cd">device virtio_pci</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">Alternatively, to load VirtIO support as modules at boot time,
- place the following lines in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>virtio_load=&quot;YES&quot;
-virtio_pci_load=&quot;YES&quot;</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">VirtIO is a specification for para-virtualized I/O in a virtual
- machine (VM). Traditionally, the hypervisor emulated real devices such as an
- Ethernet interface or disk controller to provide the VM with I/O. This
- emulation is often inefficient.</p>
-<p class="Pp" id="virtio_pci">VirtIO defines an interface for efficient I/O
- between the hypervisor and VM. The <code class="Nm">virtio</code> module
- provides a shared memory transport called a virtqueue. The
- <a class="permalink" href="#virtio_pci"><b class="Sy">virtio_pci</b></a>
- device driver represents an emulated PCI device that the hypervisor makes
- available to the VM. This device provides the probing, configuration, and
- interrupt notifications needed to interact with the hypervisor.
- <span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> supports the following VirtIO devices:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-hang Bd-indent">
- <dt id="Ethernet"><a class="permalink" href="#Ethernet"><b class="Sy">Ethernet</b></a></dt>
- <dd>An emulated Ethernet device is provided by the <a class="Xr">vtnet(4)</a>
- device driver.</dd>
- <dt id="Block"><a class="permalink" href="#Block"><b class="Sy">Block</b></a></dt>
- <dd>An emulated disk controller is provided by the
- <a class="Xr">virtio_blk(4)</a> device driver.</dd>
- <dt id="Console"><a class="permalink" href="#Console"><b class="Sy">Console</b></a></dt>
- <dd>Provided by the <a class="Xr">virtio_console(4)</a> driver.</dd>
- <dt id="Entropy"><a class="permalink" href="#Entropy"><b class="Sy">Entropy</b></a></dt>
- <dd>Provided by the <a class="Xr">virtio_random(4)</a> driver.</dd>
- <dt id="Balloon"><a class="permalink" href="#Balloon"><b class="Sy">Balloon</b></a></dt>
- <dd>A pseudo-device to allow the VM to release memory back to the hypervisor
- is provided by the <a class="Xr">virtio_balloon(4)</a> device driver.</dd>
- <dt id="GPU"><a class="permalink" href="#GPU"><b class="Sy">GPU</b></a></dt>
- <dd>Graphics support is provided by the <a class="Xr">virtio_gpu(4)</a> device
- driver.</dd>
- <dt id="SCSI"><a class="permalink" href="#SCSI"><b class="Sy">SCSI</b></a></dt>
- <dd>An emulated SCSI HBA is provided by the <a class="Xr">virtio_scsi(4)</a>
- device driver.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="LOADER_TUNABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#LOADER_TUNABLES">LOADER
- TUNABLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Tunables can be set at the <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a> prompt
- before booting the kernel or stored in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>.</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="hw.virtio.pci.disable_msix"><var class="Va">hw.virtio.pci.disable_msix</var></dt>
- <dd>If set to 1, disables MSI-X. The default value is 0.</dd>
- <dt id="hw.virtio.pci.transitional"><var class="Va">hw.virtio.pci.transitional</var></dt>
- <dd>For a transitional <code class="Nm">virtio</code> device, this tunable
- specifies whether to negotiate modern mode and use the modern
- <code class="Nm">virtio</code> driver (1) or to negotiate legacy mode and
- use the legacy <code class="Nm">virtio</code> driver (0). The default
- value is 1.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">virtio_balloon(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">virtio_blk(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">virtio_console(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">virtio_gpu(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">virtio_random(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">virtio_scsi(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">vtnet(4)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Support for VirtIO first appeared in <span class="Ux">FreeBSD
- 9.0</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> support for VirtIO was first added
- by <span class="An">Bryan Venteicher</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:bryanv@FreeBSD.org">bryanv@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">April 4, 2026</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>