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+<table class="head">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="head-ltitle">URAL(4)</td>
+ <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
+ <td class="head-rtitle">URAL(4)</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+<div class="manual-text">
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">ural</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Ralink
+ RT2500USB IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network driver</span></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines
+ in your kernel configuration file:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">device ehci</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device uhci</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device ohci</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device usb</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device ural</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device wlan</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device wlan_amrr</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place
+ the following line in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>if_ural_load=&quot;YES&quot;</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ural</code> driver supports USB 2.0 wireless
+ adapters based on the RT2500USB chipset.</p>
+<p class="Pp">The RT2500USB chipset consists of two integrated chips, a RT2570
+ MAC/BBP and a radio transceiver (the model of which depends on the card
+ revision).</p>
+<p class="Pp">The RT2522, RT2523, RT2524, RT2525, RT2525e and RT2526 radio
+ transceivers operate in the 2.4GHz band (802.11b/g) whereas the RT5222 is a
+ dual-band radio transceiver that can operate in the 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz bands
+ (802.11a).</p>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">ural</code> supports
+ <code class="Cm">station</code>, <code class="Cm">adhoc</code>,
+ <code class="Cm">hostap</code>, and <code class="Cm">monitor</code> mode
+ operation. Only one virtual interface may be configured at any time. For
+ more information on configuring this device, see
+ <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a>.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="HARDWARE"><a class="permalink" href="#HARDWARE">HARDWARE</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ural</code> driver supports USB 2.0 wireless
+ adapters based on the Ralink Technology RT2500USB chipset, including:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<table class="Bl-column Bl-compact">
+ <tr id="Card">
+ <td><a class="permalink" href="#Card"><i class="Em">Card</i></a></td>
+ <td><a class="permalink" href="#Bus"><i class="Em" id="Bus">Bus</i></a></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>AMIT WL532U</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>ASUS WL-167g</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Belkin F5D7050 v2000</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Buffalo WLI-U2-KG54-AI</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>CNet CWD-854</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Compex WLU54G 2A1100</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Conceptronic C54RU</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>D-Link DWL-G122 b1</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Dynalink WLG25USB</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>E-Tech WGUS02</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Gigabyte GN-WBKG</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Hercules HWGUSB2-54</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>KCORP LifeStyle KLS-685</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Linksys WUSB54G v4</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Linksys WUSB54GP v4</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>MSI MS-6861</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>MSI MS-6865</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>MSI MS-6869</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>NovaTech NV-902</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>OvisLink Evo-W54USB</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>SerComm UB801R</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>SparkLAN WL-685R</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Surecom EP-9001-g</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Sweex LC100060</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Tonze UW-6200C</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Zinwell ZWX-G261</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Zonet ZEW2500P</td>
+ <td>USB</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+<p class="Pp">An up to date list can be found at
+ <span class="Pa">http://ralink.rapla.net/</span>.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">Join an existing BSS network (i.e., connect to an access
+ point):</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0
+ inet 192.0.2.20/24</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Join a specific BSS network with network name
+ <var class="Ar">my_net</var>:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0
+ ssid my_net up</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Join a specific BSS network with 64-bit WEP encryption:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0 ssid my_net \
+ wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1 up</pre>
+</div>
+<p class="Pp">Join a specific BSS network with 128-bit WEP encryption:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>ifconfig wlan create wlandev ural0 wlanmode adhoc ssid my_net \
+ wepmode on wepkey 0x01020304050607080910111213 weptxkey 1</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DIAGNOSTICS"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
+<dl class="Bl-diag">
+ <dt>ural%d: device timeout</dt>
+ <dd>The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
+ ALSO</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">intro(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">netintro(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">usb(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">wlan(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">wlan_amrr(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">wlan_ccmp(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">wlan_tkip(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">wlan_wep(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">wlan_xauth(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">networking(7)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">hostapd(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">wpa_supplicant(8)</a></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ural</code> driver first appeared in
+ <span class="Ux">OpenBSD 3.7</span> and <span class="Ux">FreeBSD
+ 6.0</span>.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The original <code class="Nm">ural</code> driver was written by
+ <span class="An">Damien Bergamini</span>
+ &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:damien.bergamini@free.fr">damien.bergamini@free.fr</a>&gt;.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">Host AP mode doesn't support client power save. Clients using
+ power save mode will experience packet loss (disabling power saving on the
+ client will fix this).</p>
+</section>
+</div>
+<table class="foot">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="foot-date">November 10, 2024</td>
+ <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>