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+<table class="head">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="head-ltitle">UKBD(4)</td>
+ <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
+ <td class="head-rtitle">UKBD(4)</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+<div class="manual-text">
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">ukbd</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">USB
+ keyboard driver</span></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following line
+ in your kernel configuration file:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">device ukbd</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device hid</code>
+<br/>
+<code class="Cd">device usb</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place
+ the following line in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>ukbd_load=&quot;YES&quot;</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ukbd</code> driver provides support for
+ keyboards that attach to the USB port. <a class="Xr">usb(4)</a> and one of
+ <a class="Xr">uhci(4)</a> or <a class="Xr">ohci(4)</a> must be configured in
+ the kernel as well.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="CONFIGURATION"><a class="permalink" href="#CONFIGURATION">CONFIGURATION</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">By default, the keyboard subsystem does not create the appropriate
+ devices yet. Make sure you reconfigure your kernel with the following option
+ in the kernel config file:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">If both an AT keyboard USB keyboards are used at the same time,
+ the AT keyboard will appear as <span class="Pa">kbd0</span> in
+ <span class="Pa">/dev</span>. The USB keyboards will be
+ <span class="Pa">kbd1</span>, <span class="Pa">kbd2</span>, etc. You can see
+ some information about the keyboard with the following command:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">kbdcontrol -i &lt;
+ /dev/kbd1</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">or load a keymap with</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">kbdcontrol -l keymaps/pt.iso &lt;
+ /dev/kbd1</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">See <a class="Xr">kbdcontrol(1)</a> for more possible options.</p>
+<p class="Pp">You can swap console keyboards by using the command</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd1</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">From this point on, the first USB keyboard will be the keyboard to
+ be used by the console.</p>
+<p class="Pp" id="after">If you want to use a USB keyboard as your default and
+ not use an AT keyboard at all, you will have to remove the
+ <code class="Cd">device atkbd</code> line from the kernel configuration
+ file. Because of the device initialization order, the USB keyboard will be
+ detected <a class="permalink" href="#after"><i class="Em">after</i></a> the
+ console driver initializes itself and you have to explicitly tell the
+ console driver to use the existence of the USB keyboard. This can be done in
+ one of the following two ways.</p>
+<p class="Pp">Run the following command as a part of system initialization:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">kbdcontrol -k /dev/kbd0 &lt;
+ /dev/ttyv0 &gt; /dev/null</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">(Note that as the USB keyboard is the only keyboard, it is
+ accessed as <span class="Pa">/dev/kbd0</span>) or otherwise tell the console
+ driver to periodically look for a keyboard by setting a flag in the kernel
+ configuration file:</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li">device sc0 at isa? flags
+ 0x100</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">With the above flag, the console driver will try to detect any
+ keyboard in the system if it did not detect one while it was initialized at
+ boot time.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DRIVER_CONFIGURATION"><a class="permalink" href="#DRIVER_CONFIGURATION">DRIVER
+ CONFIGURATION</a></h1>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">options KBD_INSTALL_CDEV</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Make the keyboards available through a character device in
+ <span class="Pa">/dev</span>.</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">options UKBD_DFLT_KEYMAP</code></div>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">makeoptions
+ UKBD_DFLT_KEYMAP=fr.iso</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">The above lines will put the French ISO keymap in the ukbd driver.
+ You can specify any keymap in
+ <span class="Pa">/usr/share/syscons/keymaps</span> or
+ <span class="Pa">/usr/share/vt/keymaps</span> (depending on the console
+ driver being used) with this option.</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">options
+ KBD_DISABLE_KEYMAP_LOADING</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Do not allow the user to change the keymap.</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">options KBD_DELAY1=200</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Set the keyboard initial key repeat delay.</p>
+<p class="Pp"></p>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">options KBD_DELAY2=15</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Set the keyboard key repeat delay.</p>
+<p class="Pp">Note that these options also affect the AT keyboard driver,
+ <a class="Xr">atkbd(4)</a>.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SYSCTL_VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#SYSCTL_VARIABLES">SYSCTL
+ VARIABLES</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The following variables are available as both
+ <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a> variables and <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a>
+ tunables:</p>
+<dl class="Bl-tag">
+ <dt id="hw.usb.ukbd.debug"><var class="Va">hw.usb.ukbd.debug</var></dt>
+ <dd>Debug output level, where 0 is debugging disabled and larger values
+ increase debug message verbosity. Default is 0.</dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.ukbd.apple_swap_cmd_opt"><var class="Va">hw.usb.ukbd.apple_swap_cmd_opt</var></dt>
+ <dd>Swap the Command &amp; Option keys on Apple keyboards if set to 1. Default
+ is 0.</dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.ukbd.apple_swap_cmd_ctl"><var class="Va">hw.usb.ukbd.apple_swap_cmd_ctl</var></dt>
+ <dd>Swap the Command &amp; Control keys on Apple keyboards if set to 1.
+ Default is 0.</dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.ukbd.apple_fn_mode"><var class="Va">hw.usb.ukbd.apple_fn_mode</var></dt>
+ <dd>Direct access to media keys without holding Fn if set to 1. Default is
+ 0.</dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.ukbd.no_leds"><var class="Va">hw.usb.ukbd.no_leds</var></dt>
+ <dd>Disables setting of keyboard LEDs if set to 1. Default is 0.</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
+<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
+ <dt><span class="Pa">/dev/kbd*</span></dt>
+ <dd>blocking device nodes</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
+<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">device ukbd</code></div>
+<p class="Pp">Add the <code class="Nm">ukbd</code> driver to the kernel.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
+ ALSO</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">kbdcontrol(1)</a>, <a class="Xr">ohci(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">syscons(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">uhci(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">usb(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">vt(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">config(8)</a></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ukbd</code> driver was written by
+ <span class="An">Lennart Augustsson</span>
+ &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:augustss@cs.chalmers.se">augustss@cs.chalmers.se</a>&gt;
+ for <span class="Ux">NetBSD</span> and was substantially rewritten for
+ <span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> by <span class="An">Kazutaka YOKOTA</span>
+ &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:yokota@zodiac.mech.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp">yokota@zodiac.mech.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp</a>&gt;.</p>
+<p class="Pp">This manual page was written by <span class="An">Nick Hibma</span>
+ &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:n_hibma@FreeBSD.org">n_hibma@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;
+ with a large amount of input from <span class="An">Kazutaka YOKOTA</span>
+ &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:yokota@zodiac.mech.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp">yokota@zodiac.mech.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp</a>&gt;.</p>
+</section>
+</div>
+<table class="foot">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="foot-date">April 23, 2026</td>
+ <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>