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+<table class="head">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="head-ltitle">SND_UAUDIO(4)</td>
+ <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
+ <td class="head-rtitle">SND_UAUDIO(4)</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+<div class="manual-text">
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">snd_uaudio</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">USB
+ audio and MIDI device driver</span></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">device sound</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">device usb</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">device snd_uaudio</code></p>
+<p class="Pp">In <a class="Xr">rc.conf(5)</a>:
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">kld_list=&quot;snd_uaudio&quot;</code></p>
+<p class="Pp">In <a class="Xr">sysctl.conf(5)</a>:
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">hw.usb.uaudio.buffer_ms</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">hw.usb.uaudio.default_bits</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">hw.usb.uaudio.default_channels</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">hw.usb.uaudio.default_rate</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">hw.usb.uaudio.handle_hid</code>
+ <br/>
+ <code class="Cd">hw.usb.uaudio.debug</code></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">A USB audio device consists of a number of components: input
+ terminals (e.g. USB digital input), output terminals (e.g. speakers), and a
+ number of units in between (e.g. volume control).</p>
+<p class="Pp">If the device supports multiple configurations, and there have
+ been no user-supplied values specified through the
+ <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a> interface, the driver will select the best
+ matching configuration supported by the device during attach.
+ &quot;Best&quot; means the configuration with the most channels and highest
+ quality in sample rate and sample size.</p>
+<p class="Pp">Refer to the &#x2018;<code class="Li">USB Audio Class
+ Specification</code>&#x2019; for more information.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="HARDWARE"><a class="permalink" href="#HARDWARE">HARDWARE</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">snd_uaudio</code> driver provides support for
+ USB audio class devices and USB MIDI class devices.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SYSCTL_VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#SYSCTL_VARIABLES">SYSCTL
+ VARIABLES</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The following settings can be entered at the
+ <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a> prompt or in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>
+ and can also be changed at runtime with the <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a>
+ command. For a change to take effect during runtime, the device has to be
+ re-attached.</p>
+<dl class="Bl-tag">
+ <dt id="hw.usb.uaudio.buffer_ms"><var class="Va">hw.usb.uaudio.buffer_ms</var></dt>
+ <dd>Period of audio data processed at once, in milliseconds, from 1 to 8
+ (default is 4). Lower values mean less latency, but this can result in
+ audible gaps due to frequent CPU wakeups.</dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.uaudio.default_bits"><var class="Va">hw.usb.uaudio.default_bits</var></dt>
+ <dd>Preferred sample size in bits, from 0 to 32 (default is 0). A value of 0
+ sets the sample size to the maximum supported sample size.
+ <p class="Pp">Set this to select a smaller sample size if the device
+ supports multiple sample sizes.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.uaudio.default_channels"><var class="Va">hw.usb.uaudio.default_channels</var></dt>
+ <dd>Preferred number of sample channels, from 0 to 64 (default is 0). USB 1.1
+ devices are limited to 4 channels due to bandwidth constraints, unless a
+ higher value is explicitly requested. A value of 0 sets the sample
+ channels to the maximum supported channel number.
+ <p class="Pp">Set this to select a smaller channel number if the device
+ supports multiple channel configurations.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.uaudio.default_rate"><var class="Va">hw.usb.uaudio.default_rate</var></dt>
+ <dd>Preferred sample rate in Hz (default is 0). If set to 0, the device's
+ highest supported sample rate will be used.
+ <p class="Pp">Note that if VCHANs are enabled, the sample rate will be
+ overridden by <span class="Pa">dev.pcm.%d.[play|rec].vchanrate</span>
+ (see <a class="Xr">sound(4)</a>), which can also be used to adjust the
+ sample rate during runtime.</p>
+ <p class="Pp">If <span class="Pa">hw.usb.uaudio.default_rate</span> is
+ non-zero, <span class="Pa">dev.pcm.%d.[play|rec].vchanrate</span> will
+ use it as its maximum allowed value.</p>
+ </dd>
+ <dt id="hw.usb.uaudio.handle_hid"><var class="Va">hw.usb.uaudio.handle_hid</var></dt>
+ <dd>Let <code class="Nm">snd_uaudio</code> handle HID volume keys, if any
+ (default is 1).
+ <dl class="Bl-tag">
+ <dt>0</dt>
+ <dd>Disabled.</dd>
+ <dt>1</dt>
+ <dd>Enabled.</dd>
+ </dl>
+ </dd>
+</dl>
+<p class="Pp">If <a class="Xr">usb(4)</a> has been compiled with
+ <var class="Va">USB_DEBUG</var> on, the following setting is also
+ available:</p>
+<dl class="Bl-tag">
+ <dt id="hw.usb.uaudio.debug"><var class="Va">hw.usb.uaudio.debug</var></dt>
+ <dd>Debug output level (default is 0).</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
+ ALSO</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">sound(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">usb(4)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>, <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a>,
+ <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a></p>
+<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsT">USB Audio Class
+ Specifications</span>,
+ <a class="RsU" href="http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/devclass_docs/">http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/devclass_docs/</a>.</cite></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">snd_uaudio</code> driver first appeared in
+ <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 4.7</span>.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">This manual page was adopted from <span class="Ux">NetBSD
+ 1.6</span> and modified for <span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> by
+ <span class="An">Hiten Pandya</span>
+ &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:hmp@FreeBSD.org">hmp@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The PCM framework in <span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span> currently
+ does not support the full set of USB audio mixer controls. Some mixer
+ controls are only available as <var class="Va">dev.pcm.%d.mixer</var>
+ sysctls.</p>
+</section>
+</div>
+<table class="foot">
+ <tr>
+ <td class="foot-date">July 17, 2025</td>
+ <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>