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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">GVE(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">GVE(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gve</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Ethernet
- driver for Google Virtual NIC (gVNIC)</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines
- in your kernel configuration file:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">device gve</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place
- the following line in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>if_gve_load=&quot;YES&quot;</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">gVNIC is a virtual network interface designed specifically for
- Google Compute Engine (GCE). It is required to support per-VM Tier-1
- networking performance, and for using certain VM shapes on GCE.</p>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gve</code> is the driver for gVNIC. It supports
- the following features:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<ul class="Bl-bullet Bl-compact">
- <li>RX checksum offload</li>
- <li>TX chesksum offload</li>
- <li>TCP Segmentation Offload (TSO)</li>
- <li>Large Receive Offload (LRO) in software</li>
- <li>Jumbo frames</li>
- <li>Receive Side Scaling (RSS)</li>
-</ul>
-<p class="Pp">For more information on configuring this device, see
- <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HARDWARE"><a class="permalink" href="#HARDWARE">HARDWARE</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gve</code> binds to a single PCI device ID
- presented by gVNIC:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<ul class="Bl-bullet Bl-compact">
- <li>0x1AE0:0x0042</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Change the TX queue count to 4 for the gve0 interface:</p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">sysctl dev.gve.0.num_tx_queues=4</div>
-<p class="Pp">Change the RX queue count to 4 for the gve0 interface:</p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">sysctl dev.gve.0.num_rx_queues=4</div>
-<p class="Pp">Change the TX ring size to 512 for the gve0 interface:</p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">sysctl dev.gve.0.tx_ring_size=512</div>
-<p class="Pp">Change the RX ring size to 512 for the gve0 interface:</p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent">sysctl dev.gve.0.rx_ring_size=512</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DIAGNOSTICS"><a class="permalink" href="#DIAGNOSTICS">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The following messages are recorded during driver
- initialization:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Enabled MSIX with %d vectors</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Configured device resources</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Successfully attached %s</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Deconfigured device resources</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">These messages are seen if driver initialization fails. Global
- (across-queues) allocation failures:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Failed to configure device resources: err=%d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>No compatible queue formats</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate ifnet struct</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate admin queue mem</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to alloc DMA mem for DescribeDevice</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate QPL page</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">irq and BAR allocation failures:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Failed to acquire any msix vectors</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Tried to acquire %d msix vectors, got only %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to setup irq %d for Tx queue %d </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to setup irq %d for Rx queue %d </dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate irq %d for mgmnt queue</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to setup irq %d for mgmnt queue, err: %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate BAR0</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate BAR2</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to allocate msix table</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">Rx queue-specific allocation failures:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>No QPL left for rx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to alloc queue resources for rx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to alloc desc ring for rx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to alloc data ring for rx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">Tx queue-specific allocation failures:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>No QPL left for tx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to alloc queue resources for tx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to alloc desc ring for tx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to vmap fifo, qpl_id = %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">The following messages are recorded when the interface detach
- fails:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Failed to deconfigure device resources: err=%d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">If bootverbose is on, the following messages are recorded when the
- interface is being brought up:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Created %d rx queues</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Created %d tx queues</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>MTU set to %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">The following messages are recorded when the interface is being
- brought down:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Destroyed %d rx queues</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Destroyed %d tx queues</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">These messages are seen if errors are encountered when bringing
- the interface up or down:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Failed to destroy rxq %d, err: %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to destroy txq %d, err: %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to create rxq %d, err: %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to create txq %d, err: %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to set MTU to %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Invalid new MTU setting. new mtu: %d max mtu: %d min mtu: %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Cannot bring the iface up when detached</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Reached max number of registered pages %lu &gt; %lu</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Failed to init lro for rx ring %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">These messages are seen if any admin queue command fails:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>AQ command(%u): failed with status %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>AQ command(%u): unknown status code %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>AQ commands timed out, need to reset AQ</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Unknown AQ command opcode %d</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">These messages appear if a TX timeout is detected:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Found %d timed out packet(s) on txq%d, kicking it for completions</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Found %d timed out packet(s) on txq%d with its last kick %ld sec ago which
- is less than the cooldown period %d. Resetting device</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">These messages are recorded when the device is being reset due to
- an error:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Scheduling reset task!</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Waiting until admin queue is released.</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Admin queue released</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">If it was the NIC that requested the reset, this message is
- recorded:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Device requested reset</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">If the reset fails during the reinitialization phase, this message
- is recorded:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Restore failed!</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">These two messages correspond to the NIC alerting the driver to
- link state changes:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-diag">
- <dt>Device link is up.</dt>
- <dd></dd>
- <dt>Device link is down.</dt>
- <dd></dd>
-</dl>
-<p class="Pp">Apart from these messages, the driver exposes per-queue packet and
- error counters as sysctl nodes. Global (across queues) counters can be read
- using <a class="Xr">netstat(1)</a>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYSCTL_VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#SYSCTL_VARIABLES">SYSCTL
- VARIABLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gve</code> exposes the following
- <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a> variables:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="hw.gve.driver_version"><var class="Va">hw.gve.driver_version</var></dt>
- <dd>The driver version. This is read-only.</dd>
- <dt id="hw.gve.queue_format"><var class="Va">hw.gve.queue_format</var></dt>
- <dd>The queue format in use. This is read-only.</dd>
- <dt id="hw.gve.disable_hw_lro"><var class="Va">hw.gve.disable_hw_lro</var></dt>
- <dd>Setting this boot-time tunable to 1 disables Large Receive Offload (LRO)
- in the NIC. The default value is 0, which means hardware LRO is enabled by
- default. The software LRO stack in the kernel is always used. This sysctl
- variable needs to be set before loading the driver, using
- <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="hw.gve.allow_4k_rx_buffers"><var class="Va">hw.gve.allow_4k_rx_buffers</var></dt>
- <dd>Setting this boot-time tunable to 1 enables support for 4K RX Buffers. The
- default value is 0, which means 2K RX Buffers will be used. 4K RX Buffers
- are only supported on DQO_RDA and DQO_QPL queue formats. When enabled, 4K
- RX Buffers will be used either when HW LRO is enabled or mtu is greated
- than 2048. This sysctl variable needs to be set before loading the driver,
- using <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>.</dd>
- <dt id="dev.gve.X.num_rx_queues"><var class="Va">dev.gve.X.num_rx_queues and
- dev.gve.X.num_tx_queues</var></dt>
- <dd>Run-time tunables that represent the number of currently used RX/TX
- queues. The default value is the max number of RX/TX queues the device can
- support.
- <p class="Pp">This call turns down the interface while setting up the new
- queues, which may potentially cause any new packets to be dropped. This
- call can fail if the system is not able to provide the driver with
- enough resources. In that situation, the driver will revert to the
- previous number of RX/TX queues. If this also fails, a device reset will
- be triggered.</p>
- <p class="Pp">Note: sysctl nodes for queue stats remain available even if a
- queue is removed.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="dev.gve.X.rx_ring_size"><var class="Va">dev.gve.X.rx_ring_size and
- dev.gve.X.tx_ring_size</var></dt>
- <dd>Run-time tunables that represent the current ring size for RX/TX queues.
- The default value is set to device defaults for ring size.
- <p class="Pp">This call turns down the interface while setting up the queues
- with the new ring size, which may potentially cause any new packets to
- be dropped. This call can fail if the system is not able to provide the
- driver with enough resources. In that situation, the driver will try to
- revert to the previous ring size for RX/TX queues. If this also fails,
- the device will be in an unhealthy state and will need to be reloaded.
- This value must be a power of 2 and within the defined range.</p>
- </dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="LIMITATIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#LIMITATIONS">LIMITATIONS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gve</code> does not support the transmission of
- VLAN-tagged packets. All VLAN-tagged traffic is dropped.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="QUEUE_FORMATS"><a class="permalink" href="#QUEUE_FORMATS">QUEUE
- FORMATS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gve</code> features different datapath modes
- called queue formats:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<ul class="Bl-bullet Bl-compact">
- <li>GQI_QPL: &quot;QPL&quot; stands for &quot;Queue Page List&quot; and refers
- to the fact that hardware expects a fixed bounce buffer and cannot access
- arbitrary memory. GQI is the older descriptor format. The G in
- &quot;GQI&quot; refers to an older generation of hardware, and the
- &quot;QI&quot; stands for &quot;Queue In-order&quot; referring to the fact
- that the NIC sends Tx and Rx completions in the same order as the one in
- which the corresponding descriptors were posted by the driver.</li>
- <li>DQO_RDA: DQO is the descriptor format required to take full advantage of
- next generation VM shapes. &quot;RDA&quot; stands for &quot;Raw DMA
- Addressing&quot; and refers to the fact that hardware can work with DMA-ed
- packets and does not expect them to be copied into or out of a fixed
- bounce buffer. The D in &quot;DQO&quot; refers to a newer generation of
- hardware, and the &quot;QO&quot; stands for &quot;Queue Out-of-order&quot;
- referring to the fact that the NIC might send Tx and Rx completions in an
- order different from the one in which the corresponding descriptors were
- posted by the driver.</li>
- <li>DQO_QPL: The next generation descriptor format in the &quot;QPL&quot;
- mode.</li>
-</ul>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SUPPORT"><a class="permalink" href="#SUPPORT">SUPPORT</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Please email gvnic-drivers@google.com with the specifics of the
- issue encountered.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">netstat(1)</a>, <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">ifconfig(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">gve</code> device driver first appeared in
- <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 13.3</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">gve</code> driver was written by Google.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">May 20, 2025</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>