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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">GEOM_ZERO(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">GEOM_ZERO(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gzero</code>, <code class="Nm">geom_zero</code>
- &#x2014; <span class="Nd">GEOM-based zero disk/block device</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">options GEOM_ZERO</code></p>
-<p class="Pp">In <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a> or
- <a class="Xr">sysctl.conf(5)</a>:
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">kern.geom.zero.byte</code>
- <br/>
- <code class="Cd">kern.geom.zero.clear</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gzero</code> is a <a class="Xr">GEOM(4)</a>
- device simulating a one-exabyte disk. It throws away any data written to it,
- and returns the value of <var class="Va">kern.geom.zero.byte</var> for every
- byte read from it.</p>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gzero</code> differs from
- <a class="Xr">zero(4)</a>, which is a regular character device and has an
- infinite length, while <span class="Pa">/dev/gzero</span> is a
- <a class="Xr">GEOM(4)</a> provider of large, but limited, size.</p>
-<p class="Pp">Consult <a class="Xr">geom(8)</a> for instructions on how to use
- the supported commands of the <a class="Xr">GEOM(4)</a>
- <code class="Nm">ZERO</code> class.</p>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">gzero</code> is useful for benchmarking
- performance of GEOM and GEOM classes where compression of the data does not
- affect the results (blocks from <span class="Pa">/dev/gzero</span> compress
- exceptionally well). Examples of such benchmarks include comparing the speed
- of two disk encryption algorithms and comparing a hardware versus software
- implementation of a single encryption algorithm.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="MIB_VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#MIB_VARIABLES">MIB
- VARIABLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The following variables are available as both
- <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a> variables and <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a>
- tunables:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="kern.geom.zero.byte"><var class="Va">kern.geom.zero.byte</var></dt>
- <dd>This variable sets the fill byte of the <code class="Nm">gzero</code>
- device. Default: &#x2018;<code class="Li">0</code>&#x2019;.</dd>
- <dt id="kern.geom.zero.clear"><var class="Va">kern.geom.zero.clear</var></dt>
- <dd>This variable controls the clearing of the read data buffer. If set to
- &#x2018;<code class="Li">0</code>&#x2019;, <code class="Nm">gzero</code>
- will not copy any data into the read data buffers and just return the read
- data buffers as they are without modifying them. In particular, it will
- not fill the read buffer with the value of
- <var class="Va">kern.geom.zero.byte</var>. This is useful for read
- benchmarking to reduce the measurement noise caused by extra memory
- initialization. Default: &#x2018;<code class="Li">1</code>&#x2019;.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt><span class="Pa">/dev/gzero</span></dt>
- <dd>The <code class="Nm">gzero</code> device.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="EXAMPLES"><a class="permalink" href="#EXAMPLES">EXAMPLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Create the <span class="Pa">/dev/gzero</span> device by loading
- the <code class="Nm">geom_zero</code> kernel module:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre># geom zero load</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">Show information about the <code class="Nm">gzero</code>
- device:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre># geom zero list
-Geom name: gzero
-Providers:
-1. Name: gzero
- Mediasize: 1152921504606846976 (1.0E)
- Sectorsize: 512
- Mode: r0w0egzero0</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">Set the fill byte of the <code class="Nm">gzero</code> device to
- 70 (decimal for letter &#x201C;F&#x201D; in <a class="Xr">ascii(7)</a>):</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre># sysctl kern.geom.zero.byte=70
-kern.geom.zero.byte: 0 -&gt; 70
-# head -c 1 /dev/gzero
-F</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">Benchmark read and write throughput of <a class="Xr">geli(8)</a>'s
- default encryption algorithm with a 4-KiB sector size:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre># geom zero load
-# geli onetime -s 4096 gzero
-# sysctl kern.geom.zero.clear=0
-# dd if=/dev/gzero.eli of=/dev/zero bs=4k count=$((1024 * 256))
-262144+0 records in
-262144+0 records out
-1073741824 bytes transferred in 1.258195 secs (853398307 bytes/sec)
-# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/gzero.eli bs=4k count=$((1024 * 256))
-262144+0 records in
-262144+0 records out
-1073741824 bytes transferred in 1.663118 secs (645619658 bytes/sec)</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">GEOM(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">zero(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">geom(8)</a>, <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">bio(9)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">A <code class="Nm">gzero</code> device first appeared in
- <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 6</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">gzero</code> device was written by
- <span class="An">Pawe&#x0142; Jakub Dawidek</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:pjd@FreeBSD.org">pjd@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">gzero</code> manual page was originally
- written by <span class="An">Greg White</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:gkwhite@gmail.com">gkwhite@gmail.com</a>&gt;
- and rewritten by <span class="An">Mateusz Piotrowski</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:0mp@FreeBSD.org">0mp@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;
- before landing in <span class="Ux">FreeBSD</span>.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">November 9, 2025</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>