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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">CC_VEGAS(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">CC_VEGAS(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">cc_vegas</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">Vegas
- Congestion Control Algorithm</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The Vegas congestion control algorithm uses what the authors term
- the actual and expected transmission rates to determine whether there is
- congestion along the network path i.e.</p>
-<ul class="Bl-item Bd-indent">
- <li>actual rate = (total data sent in a RTT) / RTT</li>
- <li>expected rate = cwnd / RTTmin</li>
- <li>diff = expected - actual</li>
-</ul>
-<p class="Pp">where RTT is the measured instantaneous round trip time and RTTmin
- is the smallest round trip time observed during the connection.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The algorithm aims to keep diff between two parameters alpha and
- beta, such that:</p>
-<ul class="Bl-item Bd-indent">
- <li>alpha &lt; diff &lt; beta</li>
-</ul>
-<p class="Pp">If diff &gt; beta, congestion is inferred and cwnd is decremented
- by one packet (or the maximum TCP segment size). If diff &lt; alpha, then
- cwnd is incremented by one packet. Alpha and beta govern the amount of
- buffering along the path.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The implementation was done in a clean-room fashion, and is based
- on the paper referenced in the <a class="Sx" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</a>
- section below.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="IMPLEMENTATION_NOTES"><a class="permalink" href="#IMPLEMENTATION_NOTES">IMPLEMENTATION
- NOTES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The time from the transmission of a marked packet until the
- receipt of an acknowledgement for that packet is measured once per RTT. This
- implementation does not implement Brakmo's and Peterson's original duplicate
- ACK policy since clock ticks in today's machines are not as coarse as they
- were (i.e. 500ms) when Vegas was originally designed. Note that modern TCP
- recovery processes such as fast retransmit and SACK are enabled by default
- in the TCP stack.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="MIB_Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#MIB_Variables">MIB
- Variables</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The algorithm exposes the following tunable variables in the
- <var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.cc.vegas</var> branch of the
- <a class="Xr">sysctl(3)</a> MIB:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="alpha"><var class="Va">alpha</var></dt>
- <dd>Query or set the Vegas alpha parameter as a number of buffers on the path.
- When setting alpha, the value must satisfy: 0 &lt; alpha &lt; beta.
- Default is 1.</dd>
- <dt id="beta"><var class="Va">beta</var></dt>
- <dd>Query or set the Vegas beta parameter as a number of buffers on the path.
- When setting beta, the value must satisfy: 0 &lt; alpha &lt; beta. Default
- is 3.</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">cc_cdg(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cc_chd(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">cc_cubic(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cc_dctcp(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">cc_hd(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cc_htcp(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">cc_newreno(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">h_ertt(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">mod_cc(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">tcp(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">khelp(9)</a>, <a class="Xr">mod_cc(9)</a></p>
-<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">L. S. Brakmo</span> and
- <span class="RsA">L. L. Peterson</span>, <span class="RsT">TCP Vegas: end to
- end congestion avoidance on a global internet</span>, <i class="RsJ">IEEE J.
- Sel. Areas Commun.</i>, <span class="RsN">8</span>,
- <span class="RsV">13</span>, <span class="RsP">1465-1480</span>,
- <span class="RsD">October 1995</span>.</cite></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"><a class="permalink" href="#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Development and testing of this software were made possible in
- part by grants from the FreeBSD Foundation and Cisco University Research
- Program Fund at Community Foundation Silicon Valley.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">cc_vegas</code> congestion control module
- first appeared in <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 9.0</span>.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The module was first released in 2010 by David Hayes whilst
- working on the NewTCP research project at Swinburne University of
- Technology's Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Melbourne,
- Australia. More details are available at:</p>
-<p class="Pp">http://caia.swin.edu.au/urp/newtcp/</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">cc_vegas</code> congestion control module and
- this manual page were written by <span class="An">David Hayes</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:david.hayes@ieee.org">david.hayes@ieee.org</a>&gt;.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">May 13, 2021</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>