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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">ADA(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">ADA(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">ada</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">ATA Direct
- Access device driver</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Cd">device ada</code></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ada</code> driver provides support for direct
- access devices, implementing the ATA command protocol, that are attached to
- the system through a host adapter supported by the CAM subsystem.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The host adapter must also be separately configured into the
- system before an ATA direct access device can be configured.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="COMMAND_QUEUING"><a class="permalink" href="#COMMAND_QUEUING">COMMAND
- QUEUING</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Command queuing allows the device to process multiple transactions
- concurrently, often re-ordering them to reduce the number and length of
- seeks. ATA defines two types of queuing: TCQ (Tagged Command Queuing, PATA
- legacy) and NCQ (Native Command Queuing, SATA). The
- <code class="Nm">ada</code> device driver takes full advantage of NCQ, when
- supported. To ensure that transactions to distant parts of the media, which
- may be deferred indefinitely by servicing requests closer to the current
- head position, are completed in a timely fashion, an ordered transaction is
- sent every 7 seconds during continuous device operation.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="CACHE_EFFECTS"><a class="permalink" href="#CACHE_EFFECTS">CACHE
- EFFECTS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">Many direct access devices are equipped with read and/or write
- caches. Parameters affecting the device's cache are reported in device
- IDENTIFY data and can be examined and modified via the
- <a class="Xr">camcontrol(8)</a> utility.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The read cache is used to store data from device-initiated read
- ahead operations as well as frequently used data. The read cache is
- transparent to the user and can be enabled without any adverse effect. Most
- devices with a read cache come from the factory with it enabled.</p>
-<p class="Pp">The write cache can greatly decrease the latency of write
- operations and allows the device to reorganize writes to increase efficiency
- and performance. This performance gain comes at a price. Should the device
- lose power while its cache contains uncommitted write operations, these
- writes will be lost. The effect of a loss of write transactions on a file
- system is non-deterministic and can cause corruption. Most devices age write
- transactions to limit the vulnerability to a few transactions recently
- reported as complete, but it is nonetheless recommended that systems with
- write cache enabled devices reside on an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS).
- The <code class="Nm">ada</code> device driver ensures that the cache and
- media are synchronized upon final close of the device or an unexpected
- shutdown (panic) event. This ensures that it is safe to disconnect power
- once the operating system has reported that it has halted.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYSCTL_VARIABLES"><a class="permalink" href="#SYSCTL_VARIABLES">SYSCTL
- VARIABLES</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The following variables are available as both
- <a class="Xr">sysctl(8)</a> variables and <a class="Xr">loader(8)</a>
- tunables:</p>
-<dl class="Bl-tag">
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.retry_count"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.retry_count</var></dt>
- <dd>
- <p class="Pp">This variable determines how many times the
- <code class="Nm">ada</code> driver will retry a READ or WRITE command.
- This does not affect the number of retries used during probe time or for
- the <code class="Nm">ada</code> driver dump routine. This value
- currently defaults to 4.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.default_timeout"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.default_timeout</var></dt>
- <dd>
- <p class="Pp">This variable determines how long the
- <code class="Nm">ada</code> driver will wait before timing out an
- outstanding command. The units for this value are seconds, and the
- default is currently 30 seconds.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.spindown_shutdown"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.spindown_shutdown</var></dt>
- <dd>
- <p class="Pp">This variable determines whether to spin-down disks when
- shutting down. Set to 1 to enable spin-down, 0 to disable. The default
- is currently enabled.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.sort_io_queue"><var class="Va">kern.cam.sort_io_queue</var></dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada."><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.</var><var class="Ar">X</var><var class="Va">.sort_io_queue</var></dt>
- <dd>
- <p class="Pp">These variables determine whether request queue should be
- sorted trying to optimize head seeks. Set to 1 to enable sorting, 0 to
- disable, -1 to leave it as-is. The default is sorting enabled for HDDs
- and disabled SSDs.</p>
- </dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.read_ahead"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.read_ahead</var></dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.~2"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.</var><var class="Ar">X</var><var class="Va">.read_ahead</var></dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.write_cache"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.write_cache</var></dt>
- <dd style="width: auto;">&#x00A0;</dd>
- <dt id="kern.cam.ada.~3"><var class="Va">kern.cam.ada.</var><var class="Ar">X</var><var class="Va">.write_cache</var></dt>
- <dd>
- <p class="Pp">These variables determine whether device read-ahead and write
- caches should be enabled globally or per-device or disabled. Set to 1 to
- enable write cache, 0 to disable, -1 to leave it as-is. Values modified
- at runtime take effect only after device reset (using the reset
- subcommand of <a class="Xr">camcontrol(8)</a>). Because of that, this
- setting should be changed in <span class="Pa">/boot/loader.conf</span>
- instead of <span class="Pa">/etc/sysctl.conf</span>. The global default
- is currently 1. The per-device default is to leave it as-is (follow
- global setting).</p>
- </dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="FILES"><a class="permalink" href="#FILES">FILES</a></h1>
-<dl class="Bl-tag Bl-compact">
- <dt><span class="Pa">/dev/ada*</span></dt>
- <dd>ATA device nodes</dd>
-</dl>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">ahci(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cam(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">da(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">mvs(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">nda(4)</a>,
- <a class="Xr">siis(4)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">ada</code> driver first appeared in
- <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 8.0</span>.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><span class="An">Alexander Motin</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:mav@FreeBSD.org">mav@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">December 20, 2017</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>