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+.TH READNEWS 1
+.SH NAME
+readnews \- read news articles
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.BR readnews " [ " \-a
+.IR date " ] [ "
+.B \-n
+.IR newsgroups " ] [ "
+.B \-t
+.IR titles " ] [ "
+.BR \-lprxhfuM " ] [ "
+.BR \-c " [ "
+.IR mailer " ] ]"
+.PP
+.B "readnews \-s"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I readnews
+without argument prints unread articles.
+There are several interfaces available:
+.TP 10
+Flag
+Interface
+.TP 10
+default
+A
+.IR msgs (1)
+like interface.
+.TP 10
+.B \-M
+An interface to
+.IR Mail (1).
+.TP 10
+.B \-c
+A
+.IR /bin/mail (1)\-like
+interface.
+.TP 10
+.BI "\-c " ``mailer''
+All selected articles written to a temporary file.  Then the mailer is
+invoked.  The name of the temporary file is referenced with a ``%''.
+Thus, ``mail \-f %'' will invoke mail on a temporary file consisting of all
+selected messages.
+.TP 10
+.B \-p
+All selected articles are sent to the standard output.  No questions asked.
+.TP 10
+.B \-l
+Only the titles output.  The
+.I .newsrc
+file will not be updated.
+.LP
+The
+.B \-r
+flag causes the articles to be printed in reverse order.  The
+.B \-f
+flag prevents any followup articles from being printed.  The
+.B \-h
+flag causes articles to be printed in a less verbose format,
+and is intended for terminals running at 300 baud.
+the
+.B \-u
+flag causes the
+.B .newsrc
+file to be updated every 5 minutes,
+in case of an unreliable system.
+(Note that if the newsrc file is updated,
+the
+.B x
+command will not restore it to its original contents.)
+.PP
+The following flags determine the selection of articles.
+.TP 10
+.BI "\-n " newsgroups
+Select all articles that belong to
+.I newsgroups.
+.TP 10
+.BI "\-t " titles
+Select all articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by
+.I titles.
+.TP 10
+.BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP"
+Select all articles that were posted past the given
+.I date
+(in
+.IR getdate (3)
+format).
+.TP 10
+.B \-x
+Ignore
+.I .newsrc
+file.  That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones.
+.PP
+.I readnews
+maintains a
+.I .newsrc
+file in the user's home directory that specifies all news articles
+already read.  It is updated at the end of each reading session in
+which the
+.BR \-x " or " \-l
+options weren't specified.
+If the environment variable NEWSRC is present, it should be the path
+name of a file to be used in place of .newsrc.
+.PP
+If the user wishes, an options line may be placed in the
+.I .newsrc
+file.
+This line starts with the word
+.B options
+(left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as
+they would be typed on the command line.  Such a list may include:
+the
+.B \-n
+flag along with a newsgroup list; a favorite interface; and/or
+the
+.B \-r
+or
+.B \-t
+flag.  Continuation lines are specified by following lines
+beginning with a space or tab character.
+Similarly, options can be specified in the
+.B NEWSOPTS
+environment parameter.  Where conflicts exist, option on the command
+line take precedence, followed by the
+.I .newsrc
+.B options
+line, and lastly the
+.B NEWSOPTS
+parameter.
+.PP
+.B readnews \-s
+will print the newsgroup subscription list.
+.PP
+When the user uses the reply command of the
+.IR msgs "(1) or " /bin/mail (1)
+interfaces, the environment parameter
+.B MAILER
+will be used to determine
+which mailer to use.  The default is usually /bin/mail.
+.PP
+If the user so desires, he may specify a specific paging progam
+for articles.  The environment parameter
+.B PAGER
+should be set to
+the paging program.  The name of the article is referenced with
+a `%', as in the
+.B \-c
+option.  If no `%' is present, the article will be piped to the program.
+Paging may be disabled by setting
+.B PAGER
+to a null value.
+.SH "COMMANDS"
+.PP
+This section lists the commands you can type to the msgs and /bin/mail
+interface prompts.
+The msgs interface will suggest some common commands in brackets.
+Just hitting return is the same as typing the first command.
+For example, ``[ynq]'' means that the commands ``y'' (yes), ``n'' (no),
+and ``q'' (quit) are common responses, and that ``y'' is the default.
+.ta 2.5i
+Command		Meaning
+.IP y
+Yes.  Prints current article and goes on to next.
+.IP n
+No.  Goes on to next article without printing current one.
+In the /bin/mail interface, this means ``go on to the next article'',
+which will have the same effect as ``y'' or just hitting return.
+.IP q
+Quit.  The .newsrc
+file will be updated if \-l or \-x were not on the command line.
+.IP c
+Cancel the article.  Only the author or the super user can do this.
+.IP r
+Reply.  Reply to article's author via mail.
+You are placed in your EDITOR with a header specifying
+To, Subject, and References lines taken from the message.
+You may change or add headers, as appropriate.
+You add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit
+the editor.  The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article.
+.IP rd
+Reply directly.
+You are placed in $MAILER (``mail'' by default) in reply to the author.
+Type the text of the reply and then control-D.
+.IP "f [\fItitle\fP]"
+Submit a follow up article.
+Normally you should leave off the title, since the system will generate
+one for you.
+You will be placed in your EDITOR to compose the text of the followup.
+.IP "fd"
+Followup directly, without edited headers.  This is like
+.IR f ,
+but the headers of the article are not included in the editor buffer.
+.IP "N [\fInewsgroup\fP]"
+Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup.
+.IP "s [\fIfile\fP]"
+Save.  The article is appended to the named file.
+The default is ``Articles''.
+If the first character of the file name is `|',
+the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program,
+which is executed with the text of the article as standard input.
+If the first character of the file name is `/', it is
+taken as a full path name of a file.
+If $NEWSBOX (in the environment) is set to a full path name,
+and the file contains no `/', the file is saved in $NEWSBOX.
+Otherwise, it is saved relative to $HOME.
+.IP #
+Report the name and size of the newsgroup.
+.IP e
+Erase.  Forget that this article was read.
+.IP h
+Print a more verbose header.
+.IP H
+Print a very verbose header, containing all known information
+about the article.
+.IP U
+Unsubscribe from this newsgroup.
+Also goes on to the next newsgroup.
+.IP d
+Read a digest.  Breaks up a digest into separate articles
+and permits you to read and reply to each piece.
+.IP D [\fInumber\fP]
+Decrypt.  Invokes a Caesar decoding program on the body of the message.
+This is used to decrypt rotated jokes posted to net.jokes.
+Such jokes are usually obscene or otherwise offensive to some
+groups of people, and so are rotated to avoid accidental
+decryption by people who would be offended.
+The title of the joke should indicate the nature of the problem,
+enabling people to decide whether to decrypt it or not.
+.PP
+Normally the Caesar program does a character frequency count on
+each line of the article separately, so that lines which are not
+rotated will be shown in plain text.
+This works well unless the line is short, in which case it sometimes
+gets the wrong rotation.
+An explicit
+.I number
+rotation (usually 13) may be given to force a particular shift.
+.IP v
+Print the current version of the news software.
+.IP !
+Shell escape.
+.IP \fInumber\fP
+Go to \fInumber\fP.
+.IP +[\fIn\fP]
+Skip n articles.
+The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be
+offered to you again the next time you read news.
+.IP \-
+Go back to last article.
+This is a toggle, typing it twice returns you to the original article.
+.IP x
+Exit.  Like quit except that .newsrc is not updated.
+.IP "X \fIsystem\fP"
+Transmit article to the named system.
+.PP
+The commands
+c, f, fd, r, rd, e, h, H, and s
+can be followed by \-'s to refer to the previous article.
+Thus, when replying to an article using the msgs interface,
+you should normally type ``r\-'' (or ``re-'') since by the time you enter
+a command, you are being offerred the next article.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP 10
+.B readnews
+Read all unread articles using the
+.IR msgs (1)
+interface.  The
+.I .newsrc
+file is updated at the end of the session.
+.TP 10
+.B readnews \-c ``ed %'' \-l
+Invoke the
+.IR ed (1)
+text editor on a file containing the titles of all unread articles.  The
+.I .newsrc
+file is
+.B not
+updated at the end of the session.
+.TP 10
+.B readnews \-n all !fa.all \-M \-r
+Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with
+"fa." via
+.IR Mail (1)
+in reverse order.  The
+.I .newsrc
+file is updated at the end of the session.
+.TP 10
+.B "readnews \-p \-n all \-a last thursday"
+Print every unread article since last Thursday.  The
+.I .newsrc
+file is
+updated at the end of the session.
+.TP 10
+.B "readnews \-p > /dev/null &"
+Discard all unread news.
+This is useful after returning from a long trip.
+.SH FILES
+.PD 0
+.TP 25
+.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number
+News articles
+.TP 25
+/usr/lib/news/active
+Active newsgroups and numbers of articles
+.TP 25
+/usr/lib/news/help
+Help file for
+.IR msgs (1)
+interface
+.TP 25
+~/.newsrc
+Options and list of previously read articles
+.PD
+.SH SEE ALSO
+checknews(1),
+inews(1),
+sendnews(8),
+recnews(8),
+uurec(8),
+msgs(1),
+Mail(1),
+mail(1),
+news(5),
+newsrc(5)
+.SH AUTHORS
+Matt Glickman
+.br
+Mark Horton
+.br
+Stephen Daniel
+.br
+Tom R. Truscott