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-.TH MAKE 1
-.CT 1 prog_c writing_troff prog_other
-.SH NAME
-make \(mi maintain collections of programs
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B make
-[
-.B -f
-.I makefile
-]
-[
-.I option ...
-]
-[
-.I name ...
-]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Make
-executes recipes in
-.I makefile
-to update the target
-.IR names
-(usually programs).
-If no target is specified, the targets of the first rule in
-.I makefile
-are updated.
-If no
-.B -f
-option is present,
-.L makefile
-and
-.L Makefile
-are tried in order.
-If
-.I makefile
-is 
-.LR - ,
-the standard input is taken.
-More than one
-.B -f
-option may appear.
-.PP
-.I Make
-updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files
-that have been modified since the target was last modified,
-or if the target does not exist.
-The prerequisites are updated before the target.
-.PP
-The makefile
-comprises a sequence of rules and macro definitions.
-The first line of a rule is a
-blank-separated list of targets, then a single or double colon,
-then a list of prerequisite files terminated by semicolon or newline.
-Text following a semicolon, and all following lines
-that begin with a tab, are shell commands:
-the recipe for updating the target.
-.PP
-If a name appears as target in more than one single-colon rule, it depends
-on all of the prerequisites of those rules, but only
-one recipe may be specified among the rules.
-A target in a double-colon rule is updated by the following
-recipe only if it is out of date with respect to the
-prerequisites of that rule.
-.PP
-Two special forms of name are recognized.
-A name like
-.IR a ( b )
-means the file named
-.I b
-stored in the archive named
-.I a.
-A name like
-.IR a (( b ))
-means the file stored in archive
-.I a
-and containing the entry point
-.I b.
-.PP
-Sharp and newline surround comments.
-.PP
-In this makefile
-.L pgm
-depends on two
-files
-.L a.o
-and
-.LR b.o ,
-and they in turn depend on
-.L .c
-files and a common file
-.LR ab.h :
-.PP
-.EX
-pgm: a.o b.o
-	cc a.o b.o -lplot -o pgm
-.EE
-.PP
-.EX
-a.o: ab.h a.c
-	cc -c a.c
-.EE
-.PP
-.EX
-b.o: ab.h b.c
-	cc -c b.c
-.EE
-.PP
-Makefile lines of the form
-.IP
-.IB "string1 " = " string2"
-.LP
-are macro definitions.
-Subsequent appearances of
-.BI $( string1 )
-are replaced by
-.IR string2 .
-If
-.I string1
-is a single character, the parentheses are optional;
-.B $$
-is replaced by
-.BR $ .
-Each entry in the environment (see
-.IR sh (1))
-of the
-.I make
-command is taken as a macro definition,
-as are command arguments with embedded equal signs.
-.PP
-Lines of the form
-.IB "string1 " := " string2"
-occurring in a recipe are assignments: macro definitions
-that are made in the course of executing the recipe.
-.PP
-A target containing a single 
-.B %
-introduces a pattern rule,
-which controls the making of names that do not occur
-explicitly as targets.
-The 
-.B %
-matches an arbitrary string called the stem:
-.IB A % B
-matches any string that begins with
-.I A
-and ends with
-.I B.
-A 
-.B %
-in a prerequisite name stands for the stem;
-and the special macro
-.B $%
-stands for the stem in the recipe.
-A name that has no explicit recipe is
-matched against the target of each pattern rule.
-The first pattern rule for which the prerequisites exist
-specifies
-further dependencies.
-.PP
-The following pattern rule maintains an object library where all the C source files
-share a common include file
-.LR defs.h .
-.PP
-.EX
-arch.a(%.o) : %.c defs.h
-	cc -c $%.c
-	ar r arch.a $%.o
-	rm $%.o
-.EE
-.PP
-A set of default pattern rules is built in, and effectively
-follows the user's list of rules.
-Assuming these rules,
-which tell, among other things, how to make
-.B .o
-files from
-.B .c
-files, the first example becomes:
-.PP
-.EX
-pgm: a.o b.o
-	cc a.o b.o -lplot -o pgm
-.EE
-.PP
-.EX
-a.o b.o: ab.h
-.EE
-.PP
-Here, greatly simplified, is a sample of the built-in rules:
-.PP
-.EX
- CC = cc
- %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $%.c
- %.o: %.f
-	f77 $(FFLAGS) -c $%.f
- % : %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $% $%.c
-.EE
-.PP
-The first rule
-says that a name ending in
-.B .o
-could be made
-if a matching name ending in
-.B .c
-were present.
-The second states a similar rule for files ending in
-.BR .f .
-The third says that an arbitrary name can be made
-by compiling a file with that name suffixed by
-.BR .c .
-.PP
-Macros make the builtin pattern rules flexible:
-.B CC
-names the particular C compiler,
-.B CFLAGS
-gives
-.IR cc (1)
-options,
-.B FFLAGS
-for
-.IR f77 (1),
-.B LFLAGS
-for
-.IR lex (1),
-.B YFLAGS
-for
-.IR yacc (1),
-and
-.B PFLAGS
-for
-.IR pascal (A).
-.PP
-An older, now disparaged, means of specifying default rules
-is based only on suffixes.
-Prerequisites are inferred according to selected suffixes
-listed as the `prerequisites' for the special name
-.BR .SUFFIXES ;
-multiple lists accumulate;
-an empty list clears what came before.
-.PP
-The rule to create a file with suffix
-.I s2
-that depends on a similarly named file with suffix
-.I s1
-is specified as an entry
-for the `target'
-.IR s1s2 .
-Order is significant; the first possible name for which both
-a file and a rule exist
-is inferred.
-An old style rule for making
-optimized
-.B .o
-files from
-.B .c
-files is
-.PP
-.EX
-\&.SUFFIXES: .c .o
-\&.c.o: ; cc -c -O -o $@ $*.c
-.EE
-.PP
-The following two macros are defined for use in any rule:
-.TP
-.B $($@)
-full name of target
-.PD0
-.TP
-.B $($/)
-target name beginning at the last slash, if any
-.PD
-.LP
-A number of other special macros are defined
-automatically in rules invoked by one of the implicit mechanisms:
-.TP
-.B $*
-target name with suffix deleted
-.PD0
-.TP
-.B $@
-full target name
-.TP
-.B $<
-list of prerequisites in an implicit rule
-.TP
-.B $?
-list of prerequisites that are out of date
-.TP
-.B $^
-list of all prerequisites
-.PD
-.PP
-The following are included for consistency with System V:
-.TP
-.B $(@D)
-directory part of 
-.B $@
-(up to last slash)
-.PD0
-.TP
-.B $(@F)
-file name part of 
-.B $@
-(after last slash)
-.TP
-.B $(*D)
-directory part of 
-.B $*
-(up to last slash)
-.TP
-.B $(*F)
-file name part of 
-.B $*
-(after last slash)
-.TP
-.B $(<D)
-directory part of 
-.B $<
-(up to last slash)
-.TP
-.B $(<F)
-file name part of 
-.B $<
-(after last slash)
-.PD
-.PP
-Recipe lines are executed one at a time, each by its
-own shell.
-A line is printed when it is executed unless
-the special target
-.B .SILENT
-is in the makefile,
-or the first character of the command is 
-.BR @ .
-.PP
-Commands that return nonzero status 
-cause
-.I make
-to terminate unless
-the special target
-.B .IGNORE
-is in the makefile
-or the command begins with
-<tab><hyphen>.
-.PP
-Interrupt and quit cause the target to be deleted
-unless the target depends on the special name
-.BR .PRECIOUS .
-.PP
-.I Make
-includes a rudimentary parallel processing ability.
-If the separation string is
-.B :&
-or
-.B ::& ,
-.I make
-can run the command sequences to create the prerequisites
-simultaneously.
-If two names are separated by an ampersand on the right side
-of a colon, those two may be created in parallel.
-.PP
-Other options:
-.TP
-.B -i
-Equivalent to the special entry
-.L .IGNORE: .
-.TP
-.B -k
-When a command returns nonzero status,
-abandon work on the current entry, but
-continue on branches that do not depend on the current entry.
-.TP
-.B -n
-Trace and print, but do not execute the commands
-needed to update the targets.
-.TP
-.B -t
-Touch, i.e. update the modified date of targets, without
-executing any commands.
-.TP
-.B -r
-Turn off built-in rules.
-.TP
-.B -s
-Equivalent to the special entry
-.BR .SILENT: .
-.TP
-.B -e
-Environment definitions override conflicting definitions in arguments
-or in makefiles.
-Ordinary precedence is argument over makefile
-over environment.
-.TP
-.B -o
-Assume old style default suffix list:
-.L
-\&.SUFFIXES: .out .o .c .e .r .f .y .l .s .p
-.TP
-.BI -P n
-Permit
-.I n
-command sequences to be done in parallel with 
-.BR & .
-.TP
-.B -z
-Run commands by passing them to the shell;
-normally simple commands are run directly by
-.IR exec (2).
-.SH FILES
-.F makefile
-.br
-.F Makefile
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR sh (1),
-.I touch
-in
-.IR chdate (1),
-.IR ar (1),
-.IR mk (1)
-.SH BUGS
-Comments can't appear on recipe lines.
-.br
-Archive entries are not handled reliably.