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authorJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
committerJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
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-bg
-.\ " ======================
-.\ " This version is 1.22
-.\ " ======================
-.TH GCC 1 "17 May 1988" "Version 1.22"
-.SH NAME
-gcc \- GNU project C Compiler
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B gcc
-[ option ] ... file ...
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.I GNU\ C\ compiler
-uses a command syntax much like the Unix C compiler. The
-.I gcc
-program accepts options and file names as operands. Multiple
-single-letter options may
-.I not
-be grouped: `\fB\-dr\fR'
-is very different from `\fB\-d\ \-r\fR'.
-When you invoke
-.I GNU\ CC
-\, it normally does preprocessing, compilation,
-assembly and linking. File names which end in `\fB.c\fR'
-are taken as C
-source to be preprocessed and compiled; compiler output files plus any
-input files with names ending in `\fB.s\fR'
-are assembled; then the
-resulting object files, plus any other input files, are linked together to
-produce an executable.
-Command options allow you to stop this process at an intermediate stage.
-For example, the `\fB\-c\fR'
-option says not to run the linker.
-Then the output consists of object files output by the assembler.
-Other command options are passed on to one stage.
-Some options control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself.
-.SH OPTIONS
-Here are the options to control the overall compilation process,
-including those that say whether to link, whether to assemble, and so on.
-.TP
-.BI \-o "\ \ file"
-Place linker output in file \fIfile\fR.
-This applies regardless to whatever sort of output is being produced,
-whether it be an executable file, an object file, an assembler file or
-preprocessed C code.
-If `\fB\-o\fR'
-is not specified, the default is to put an executable file
-in `a.out', the object file `\fIsource\fB.c\fR' in `\fIsource\fB.o\fR',
-an assembler file in `\fIsource\fB.s\fR',
-and preprocessed C on standard output.
-.TP
-.B \-c
-Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link.
-Produce object files with names made by replacing `\fB\.c\fR'
-or `\fB\.s\fR'
-with `\fB\.o\fR'
-at the end of the input file names.
-Do nothing at all for object files specified as input.
-.TP
-.B \-S
-Compile into assembler code but do not assemble.
-The assembler output file name is made by replacing `\fB\.c\fR'
-with `\fB\.s\fR'
-at the end of the input file name.
-Do nothing at all for assembler source files or object files specified
-as input.
-.TP
-.B \-E
-Run only the C preprocessor.
-Preprocess all the C source files specified
-and output the results to standard output.
-.TP
-.B \-v
-Compiler driver program prints the commands it executes as it runs
-the preprocessor, compiler proper, assembler and linker.
-Some of these are directed to print their own version numbers.
-.TP
-.BI \-B "prefix"
-Compiler driver program tries \fIprefix\fR as a prefix for each program
-it tries to run. These programs are `\fBcpp\fR', `\fBcc1\fR',
-`\fBas\fR' and `\fBld\fR'.
-For each subprogram to be run, the compiler driver first tries
-the `\fB\-B\fR' prefix, if any.
-If that name is not found, or if `\fB\-B\fR' was not specified,
-the driver tries two standard prefixes,
-which are `\fB/usr/lib/gcc-\fR' and `\fB/usr/local/lib/gcc-\fR'.
-If neither of those results in a file name that is found,
-the unmodified program name is searched for using the directories
-specified in your `\fBPATH\fR' environment variable.
-The run-time support file `\fBgnulib\fR' is also searched for using
-the `\fB\-B\fR' prefix, if needed.
-If it is not found there, the two standard prefixes above are tried,
-and that is all.
-The file is left out of the link if it is not found by those means.
-Most of the time, on most machines, you can do without it.
-.PP
-These options control the C preprocessor,
-which is run on each C source file before actual compilation.
-If you use the `\fB\-E\fR' option, nothing is done except C preprocessing.
-Some of these options make sense only together with `\fB\-E\fR'
-because they request preprocessor output that is not suitable
-for actual compilation.
-.TP
-.B \-C
-Tell the preprocessor not to discard comments. Used with the `\fB\-E\fR'
-option.
-.TP
-.BI \-I "dir"
-Search directory
-.I dir
-for include files.
-.TP
-.B \-I\-
-Any directories specified with `\fB\-I\fR' options before the `\fB\-I\-\fR'
-option are searched only for the case of `\fB#include "\fIfile\fB"\fR';
-they are not searched for `\fB#include <\fIfile\fB>\fR'.
-If additional directories are specified with `\fB\-I\fR' options after
-the `\fB\-I\-\fR', these directories are searched for all '\fB#include\fR'
-directives. (Ordinally \fIall\fR '\fB\-I\fR' directories are used this
-way.)
-In addition, the `\fB\-I\-\fR' option inhibits the use of the current
-directory as the first search directory for `\fB#include "\fIfile\fB"\fR'.
-Therefore, the current directory is searched only if it is requested
-explicitly with `\fB\-I.\fR'.
-Specifying both `\fB\-I\-\fR' and `\fB\-I.\fR' allows you to control precisely
-which directories are searched before the current one and which are
-searched after.
-.TP
-.B \-nostdinc
-Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
-Only the directories you have specified with `\fB\-I\fR' options
-(and the current directory, if appropriate) are searched.
-Between `\fB\-nostdinc\fR' and `\fB\-I-\fR', you can eliminate all
-directories from the search path except those you specify.
-.TP
-.B \-M
-Tell the preprocessor to output a rule suitable for \fBmake\fR
-describing the dependencies of each source file.
-For each source file, the preprocessor outputs one \fBmake\fR-rule
-whose target is the object file name for that source file and
-whose dependencies are all the files `\fB#include\fR'd in it.
-This rule may be a single line or may be continued `\fB\\\fR'-newline
-if it is long.`\fB\-M\fR' implies `\fB\-E\fR'.
-.TP
-.B \-MM
-Like `\fB\-M\fR' but the output mentions only the user-header files included
-with `\fB#include "\fIfile\fB"\fR'.
-System header files included with `\fB#include <\fIfile\fB>\fR'
-are omitted.`\fB\-MM\fR' implies `\fB\-E\fR'.
-.TP
-.BI \-D "macro"
-Define macro \fImacro\fR
-with the empty string as its definition.
-.TP
-.B \-D\fImacro=defn\fR
-Define macro \fImacro\fR as \fIdefn\fR.
-.TP
-.BI \-U "macro"
-Undefine macro \fImacro\fR.
-.TP
-.B \-T
-Support ANSI C trigraphs.
-You don't want to know about this brain-damage.
-The `\fB\-ansi\fR' option also has this effect.
-.PP
-These options control the details of C compilation itself.
-.TP
-.B \-ansi
-Support all ANSI standard C programs.
-This turns off certain features of GNU C that are incompatible with
-ANSI C, such as the \fBasm\fR, \fBinline\fR and \fBtypeof\fR keywords, and
-predefined macros such as \fBunix\fR and \fBvax\fR that identify
-the type of system you are using.
-It also enables the undesirable and rarely used ANSI trigraph feature.
-The `\fB\-ansi\fR' option does not cause non-ANSI programs to be rejected
-gratuitously.
-For that, `\fB\-pedantic\fR' is required in addition to `\fB\-ansi\fR'.
-The macro \fB__STRICT_ANSI__\fR
-is predefined when the `-ansi' option is used.
-Some header files may notice this macro and refrain from declaring
-certain functions or defining certain macros that the ANSI standard
-doesn't call for; this is to avoid interfering with any programs
-that might use these names for other things.
-.TP
-.B \-traditional
-Attempt to support some aspects of traditional C compilers.
-Specifically:
-.br
-\(** All \fBextern\fR declarations take effect globally even if
-they are written inside of a function definition.
-This includes implicit declarations of functions.
-.br
-\(** The keywords \fBtypeof\fR, \fBinline\fR, \fBsigned\fR, \fBconst\fR
-and \fBvolatile\fR are not recognized.
-.br
-\(** Comparisons between pointers and integers are always allowed.
-.br
-\(** Integer types \fBunsigned short\fR and \fBunsigned char\fR
-promote to \fBunsigned int\fR.
-.br
-\(** In the preprocessor, comments convert to nothing at all,
-rather than to a space.
-This allows traditional token concatenation.
-.br
-\(** In the preprocessor, single and double quote characters are
-ignored when scanning macro definitions, so that macro arguments
-can be replaced even within a string or character constant.
-Quote characters are also ignored when skipping text inside
-a failing conditional directive.
-.TP
-.B \-pedantic
-Issue all the warnings demanded by strict ANSI standard C;
-reject all programs that use forbidden extensions.
-Valid ANSI standard C programs should compile properly with or
-without this option (though a rare few will require `\fB\-ansi\fR'.
-However, without this option, certain GNU extensions and
-traditional C features are supported as well.
-With this option, they are rejected.
-There is no reason to \fIuse\fR
-this option; it exists only to satisfy pedants.
-.TP
-.B \-O
-Optimize. Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot
-more memory for a large function.
-Without `\fB\-O\fR', the compiler's goal is to reduce the cost of
-compilation and to make debugging produce the expected results.
-Statements are independent: if you stop the program with a breakpoint
-between statements, you can then assign a new value to any variable or
-change the program counter to any other statement in the function and
-get exactly the results you would expect from the source code.
-Without `\fB\-O\fR', only variables declared \fBregister\fR
-are allocated in registers.
-The resulting compiled code is
-a little worse than produced by PCC without `\fB\-O\fR'.
-With `\fB\-O\fR', the compiler tries to reduce code size and execution time.
-Some of the `\fB\-f\fR' options described below turn specific
-kinds of optimization on or off.
-.TP
-.B \-g
-Produce debugging information in DBX format.
-Unlike most other C compilers,
-GNU CC allows you to use `\fB\-g\fR' with `\fB\-O\fR'.
-The shortcuts taken by optimized code may occasionally
-produce surprising results: some variables you declared may not exist
-at all; flow of control may briefly move where you did not expect it;
-some statements may not be executed because they compute constant
-results or their values were already at hand; some statements may
-execute in different places because they were moved out of loops.
-Nevertheless it proves possible to debug optimized output.
-This makes it reasonable to use the optimizer for programs that might
-have bugs.
-.TP
-.B \-gg
-Produce debugging information in GDB(GNU Debugger)'s own format.
-This requires the GNU assembler and linker
-in order to work.
-.TP
-.B \-w
-Inhibit all warning messages.
-.TP
-.B \-W
-Print extra warning messages for these events:
-.br
-\(** An automatic variable is used without first being initialized.
-These warnings are possible only in optimizing compilation, because
-they require data flow information that is computed only when
-optimizing.
-They occur only for variables that are candidates for register
-allocation. Therefore, they do not occur for a variable that is
-declared
-.B volatile,
-or whose address is taken, or whose size is other than
-1,2,4 or 8 bytes. Also, they do not occur for structures,
-unions or arrays, even when they are in registers.
-Note that there may be no warning about a variable that is used
-only to compute a value that itself is never used, because such
-computations may be deleted by the flow analysis pass before the
-warnings are printed.
-These warnings are made optional because GNU CC is not smart
-enough to see all the reasons why the code might be correct
-despite appearing to have an error.
-.br
-\(** A nonvolantile automatic variable might be changed
-by a call to \fBlongjmp\fR.
-These warnings as well are possible only in optimizing compilation.
-The compiler sees only the calls to \fBsetjmp\fR.
-It cannot know where \fBlongjmp\fR
-will be called; in fact, a signal handler could call it at any point
-in the code. As a result, you may get a warning even when there is
-in fact no problem because \fBlongjmp\fR
-cannot in fact be called at the place which would cause a problem.
-.br
-\(** A function can return either with or without a value.
-(Falling off the end of the function body is considered returning
-without a value.)
-Spurious warning can occur because GNU CC does not realize that
-certain functions (including \fBabort\fR
-and \fBlongjmp\fR) will never return.
-.TP
-.B \-Wimplicit
-Warn whenever a function is implicitly declared.
-.TP
-.B \-Wreturn-type
-Warn whenever a function is defined with a return-type that
-defaults to \fBint\fR. Also warn about any \fBreturn\fR
-statement with no return-value in a function whose return-type
-is not \fBvoid\fR.
-.TP
-.B \-Wcomment
-Warn whenever a comment-start sequence `/*' appears in a comment.
-.TP
-.B \-p
-Generate extra code to write profile information suitable for the
-analysis program \fBprof\fR.
-.TP
-.B \-pg
-Generate extra code to write profile information suitable for the
-analysis program \fBgprof\fR.
-.TP
-.BI \-l "library"
-Search a standard list of directories for a library named \fIlibrary\fR,
-which is actually a file named `\fBlib\fIlibrary\fB.a\fR'.
-The linker uses this file as if it had been specified precisely by name.
-The directories searched include several standard system directories
-plus any that you specify with `\fB\-L\fR'.
-Normally the files found this way are library files - archive files whose
-members are object files. The linker handles an archive file by through
-it for members which define symbols that have so far been referenced
-but not defined. But if the file that is found is an ordinary
-object file, it is linked in the usual fashion.
-The only difference between an `\fB\-l\fR' option and the full file name of
-the file that is found is syntactic and the fact that several directories
-are searched.
-.TP
-.BI \-L "dir"
-Add directory \fIdir\fR to the list of directories to be searched
-for `\fB\-l\fR'.
-.TP
-.B \-nostdlib
-Don't use the standard system libraries and startup files when
-linking. Only the files you specify (plus `\fBgnulib\fR')
-will be passed to the linker.
-.TP
-.BI \-m "machinespec"
-Machine-dependent option specifying something about the type of target machine.
-These options are defined by the macro \fBTARGET_SWITCHES\fR
-in the machine description. The default for the options is also
-defined by that macro, which enables you to change the defaults.
-.IP
-These are the `\fB\-m\fR' options defined in the 68000 machine description:
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-m68020
-Generate output for a 68020 (rather than a 68000).
-This is the default if you use the unmodified sources.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-m68000
-Generate output for a 68000 (rather than a 68020).
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-m68881
-Generate output containing 68881 instructions for floating point.
-This is the default if you use the unmodified sources.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-msoft-float
-Generate output containing library calls for floating point.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-mshort
-Consider type \fBint\fR to be 16 bits wide, like \fBshort int\fR.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-mnobitfield
-Do not use the bit-field instructions.
-.B '\-m68000'
-implies
-.B '\-mnobitfield'.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-mbitfield
-Do use the bit-field instructions.
-.B '\-m68020'
-implies
-.B '\-mbitfield'.
-This is the default if you use the unmodified sources.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-mrtd
-Use a different function-calling convention, in which functions that
-take a fixed number of arguments return with the \fBrtd\fR
-instruction, which pops their arguments while returning. This saves
-one instruction in the caller since there is no need to pop the
-arguments there.
-This calling convention is incompatible with the one normally used on
-Unix, so you cannot use it if you need to call libraries compiled with
-the Unix compiler.
-Also, you must provide function prototypes for all functions that take
-variable numbers of arguments (including \fBprintf\fR); otherwise
-incorrect code will be generated for calls to those functions.
-In addition, seriously incorrect code will result if you call a
-function with too many arguments. (Normally, extra arguments are
-harmlessly ignored.)
-The \fBrtd\fR
-instruction is supported by the 68010 and 68020
-processors, but not by the 68000.
-.IP
-These are the `\fB\-m\fR' options defined in the VAX machine description:
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-munix
-Do not output certain jump instructions (
-.B aobleq
-and so on) that the Unix assembler
-for the VAX cannot handle across long ranges.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-mgnu
-Do output those jump instructions, on the assumption
-that you will assemble with the GNU assembler.
-.TP 5
-.BI \-f "flag"
-Specify machine-independent flags. These are the flags:
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-ffloat-store
-Do not store floating-point variables in registers.
-This prevents undesirable excess precision on machines such as the 68000
-where the floating registers (of the 68881) keep more precision
-than a \fBdouble\fR is supposed to have.
-For most programs, the excess precision does only good, but a few
-programs rely on the precise definition of IEEE floating point.
-Use `
-.B \-ffloat-store'
-for such programs.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-frno-asm
-Do not recognize \fBasm\fR, \fBinline\fR or \fBtypeof\fR
-as a keyword. These words may then be used as identifiers.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fno-defer-pop
-Always pop the arguments to each function call as soon as that
-function returns.
-Normally the compiler (when optimizing) lets arguments accumulate on the
-stack for several function calls and pops them all at once.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fcombine-regs
-Allow the combine pass to combine an instruction that copies one
-register into another.
-This might or might not produce better code when used in addition to `
-.B \-O'.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fforce-mem
-Force memory operands to be copied into registers before doing
-arithmetic on them.
-This may produce better code by making all
-memory references potential common subexpressions.
-When they are not common subexpressions,
-instruction combination should eliminate the separate register-load.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fforce-addr
-Force memory address constants to be copied into registers before
-doing arithmetic on them.
-This may produce better code just as `
-.B \-fforce-mem'
-may.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fomit-frame-pointer
-Don't keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that don't
-need one. This avoids the instructions to save, set up and restore
-frame pointers; it also makes an extra register available in many
-functions. \fBIt\ also\ makes\ debugging\ impossible.\fR
-On some machines, such as the VAX, this flag has no effect,
-because the standard calling sequence automatically handles
-the frame pointer and nothing is saved by pretending it doesn't exist.
-The machine-description macro \fBFRAME_POINTER_REQUIRED\fR
-controls whether a target machine supports this flag.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-finline-functions
-Integrate all simple functions into their callers.
-The compiler heuristically decides which functions are simple enough
-to be worth integrating in this way.
-If all calls to a given function are integrated, and the function
-is declared \fBstatic\fR,
-then the function is normally not output as assembler code in its
-own right.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fkeep-inline-functions
-Even if all calls to a given function are integrated, and the
-function is declared \fBstatic\fR,
-nevertheless output a separate run-time callable version of
-the function.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fwritable-strings
-Store string constants in the writable data segment and don't uniquize them.
-This is for compatibility with old programs which assume
-they can write into string constants. Writing into string constants
-is a very bad idea; ``constants'' should be constant.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fno-function-cse
-Do not put function addresses in registers; make each instruction that
-calls a constant function contain the function's address explicitly.
-This option results in less efficient code, but some strange hacks
-that alter the assembler output may be confused by the optimizations
-performed when this option is not used.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fvolatile
-Consider all memory references through pointers to be volatile.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-funsigned-char
-Let the type \fBchar\f be the unsigned, like \fBunsigned char\fR.
-Each kind of machine has a default for what \fBchar\fR
-should be. It is either like \fBunsigned char\fR
-by default of like \fBsigned char\fR
-by default. (Actually, at present, the default is always signed.)
-The type \fBchar\fR
-is always a distinct type from either \fBsigned char\fR
-or \fBunsigned char\fR,
-even though its behavior is always just like one of those two.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fsigned-char
-Let the type \fBchar\fR be the same as \fBsigned char\fR.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-ffixed-\fIreg\fR
-Treat the register named \fIreg\fR as a fixed register; generated
-code should never refer to it (except perhaps as a stack pointer,
-frame pointer or in some other fixed role). \fIreg\fR
-must be the name of a register.
-The register names accepted are machine-specific and are defined in
-the \fBREGISTER_NAMES\fR
-macro in the machine description macro file.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fcall-used-\fIreg\fR
-Treat the register named \fIreg\fR
-as an allocatable register that is clobberred by function calls.
-It may be allocated for temporaries or variables
-that do not live across a call.
-Functions compiled this way will not save and restore the
-register \fIreg\fR.
-Use of this flag for a register that has a fixed pervasive role
-in the machine's execution model, such as the stack pointer or
-frame pointer, will produce disastrous results.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-fcall-saved-\fIreg\fR
-Treat the register named \fIreg\fR
-as an allocatable register saved by functions.
-It may be allocated even for temporaries or
-variables that live across a call. Functions compiled this way
-will save and restore the register \fIreg\fR if they use it.
-Use of this flag for a register that has a fixed pervasive role
-in the machine's execution model, such as the stack pointer or
-frame pointer, will produce disastrous results.
-A different sort of disaster will result from the use of this
-flag for a register in which function values are may be returned.
-.TP
-.BI \-d "letters"
-Says to make debugging dumps at times specified by \fIletters\fR.
-Here are the possible letters:
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ r
-Dump after RTL generation.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ j
-Dump after first jump optimization.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ J
-Dump after last jump optimization.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ s
-Dump after CSE (including the jump optimization that sometimes
-follows CSE).
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ L
-Dump after loop optimization.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ f
-Dump after flow analysis.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ c
-Dump after instruction combination.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ l
-Dump after local register allocation.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ g
-Dump after global register allocation.
-.TP 10
-.B \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ m
-Print statistics on memory usage, at the end of the run.
-.SH FILES
-.ta \w'/usr/local/lib/gcc-gnulib 'u
-file.c input file
-.br
-file.o object file
-.br
-a.out loaded output
-.br
-/tmp/cc? temporary
-.br
-/usr/local/lib/gcc-cpp preprocessor
-.br
-/usr/local/lib/gcc-cc1 compiler
-.br
-/usr/local/lib/gcc-gnulib library need by GCC on some machines
-.br
-/lib/crt0.o runtime startoff
-.br
-/lib/libc.a standard library, see
-.IR intro (3)
-.br
-/usr/include standard directory for `#include' files
-.br
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-B. W. Kernighan and D. M. Ritchie,
-.I The C Programming Language,
-Prentice-Hall,
-1978
-.br
-B. W. Kernighan,
-.I
-Programming in C
-.br
-D. M. Ritchie,
-.I
-C Reference Manual
-.br
-adb(1), ld(1), dbx(1), as(1)
-.SH BUGS
-Bugs should be reported to bug-gcc@prep.ai.mit.edu. Bugs tend actually to be
-fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to report them
-in such a way that they can be easily reproduced according to get newer version.
-.SH COPYING
-Copyright (C) 1988 Richard M. Stallman.
-.br
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-.br
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled "GNU CC General Public License" is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.
-.br
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled "GNU CC General Public License" may be
-included in a translation approved by the author instead of in the original
-English.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Richard M. Stallman