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authorJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
committerJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
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-.TH CU 1
-.CT 1 comm_mach
-.SH NAME
-cu, ct \- call out to a terminal or another system
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B cu
-[
-.B -htn
-] [
-.B -p
-.I parity
-] [
-.B -s
-.I speed
-]
-.I telno
-[
-.I service-class
-]
-.PP
-.B ct
-[ option ...
-]
-.I phone-number
-[
-.I service-class
-]
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Cu
-places a data call to a given telephone number
-and expects a computer to answer.
-It manages an interactive conversation with possible
-transfers of text files.
-.I Telno
-is the telephone number, consisting of digits with minus signs at appropriate
-places to indicate delay for second or subsequent dial tones.
-A telephone number may also be expressed symbolically.
-A symbolic number is looked up in the files
-.F $HOME/lib/cunumber
-and
-.F /usr/lib/cunumber
-whose lines look like this:
-.IP
-symbolic-number
-actual-number
-service-class
-comment
-.LP
-The actual number
-may be preceded by options
-such as
-.BR \-t .
-The
-.I comment,
-if present, is printed out when the connection is made.
-.PP
-The options are
-.TP
-.B -n
-Print the the called number but do not call it.
-.TP
-.B -t
-Tandem:
-use DC1/DC3
-.RB (control- S /control- Q )
-protocol to stop transmission from
-the remote system when the local terminal buffers are almost full.
-This argument should only be used if the remote system
-understands that protocol.
-.TP
-.B -h
-Half-duplex:
-echo locally the characters that are sent to the remote system.
-.TP
-.BI -s " speed"
-Set the line speed;
-.L 1200
-means 1200 baud, etc.
-The default depends on service class.
-.TP
-.BI -p " parity"
-Set the parity of transmitted characters:
-.BR 0 ,
-.BR 1 ,
-.BR e ,
-.BR o
-mean
-zero,
-one,
-even,
-odd parity.
-.B 0
-is the default.
-.PP
-The service class is expressed as in
-.IR dialout (3).
-A special class
-.L direct
-causes the
-.I telno
-argument to be taken
-as the pathname
-of a terminal line.
-.I Cu
-opens the file,
-sets line speed and other modes,
-and proceeds as if connected.
-The default line speed is
-9600 baud.
-.PP
-An explicit service class on the command line overrides
-any specified in a
-.L cunumber
-file.
-.PP
-After making the connection,
-.I cu
-runs as two processes:
-the sending
-process reads the standard input and
-passes most of it to the remote system;
-the receiving
-process reads from the remote system and passes
-most data to the standard output.
-Lines beginning with
-.L ~
-have special meanings.
-.PP
-The sending
-process interprets:
-.TP `\fL~%break\ 'u
-.B ~.
-.br
-.ns
-.TP
-.BR ~ EOT
-Terminate the conversation.
-.TP
-.BI ~< file
-Send the contents of
-.I file
-to the remote system,
-as though typed at the terminal.
-.TP
-.B ~!
-Invoke an interactive shell on the local system.
-.TP
-.BI ~! cmd
-Run the command on the local system
-(via
-.LR "sh -c" ).
-.TP
-.BI ~$ cmd
-Run the command locally and send its output
-to the remote system.
-.TP
-.B ~b
-.br
-.ns
-.TP
-.B ~%break
-Send a break (300 ms space).
-.TP
-.BI ~%take " from \fR[\fIto\fR]"
-Copy file
-.I from
-(on the remote system)
-to file
-.I to
-on the local system.
-If
-.I to
-is omitted,
-the
-.I from
-name is used both places.
-.TP
-.BI ~%put " from \fR[\fIto\fR]"
-Copy file
-.I from
-(on local system)
-to file
-.I to
-on remote system.
-If
-.I to
-is omitted, the
-.I from
-name is used both places.
-.TP
-.BI ~~ text
-send
-the line
-.BI ~ text .
-.PD
-.PP
-WARNING: Using
-.I cu
-to reach your home machine from a machine you don't trust
-can be hazardous to your password.
-.PP
-.I Ct
-places a telephone call to a remote terminal
-and allows a user to log in on that terminal
-in the normal fashion.
-The terminal must be equipped with an auto-answer
-modem.
-.PP
-The
-phone number and service class
-are as in
-.I cu.
-The options are
-.TP
-.BI -c " count"
-If the number doesn't answer, try
-.I count
-times before giving up (default 5).
-.TP
-.BI -w " interval
-Space retries
-.I interval
-seconds apart (default 60).
-.TP
-.B -h
-Try to hang up the phone before placing the
-call.
-This is useful for a
-`call me right back' arrangement.
-.SH FILES
-.F /usr/lib/cunumber
-.br
-.F $HOME/lib/cunumber
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR con (1),
-.IR ttyld (4),
-.IR dialout (3)
-.SH BUGS
-Unless erase and kill characters are the same on the two machines,
-they will be damaged by
-.BR ~%put .
-.br
-.B ~%take
-uses
-.BR ~>
-at the beginning of line to synchronize transmission.
-This sequence can cause misfunction if it is received
-for any other purpose.