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+.. @(#)sail.m	1.1 83/03/17
+.TH SAIL 6
+.UC 4
+.SH NAME
+sail \- multi-user wooden ships and iron men
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B sail
+[
+.B \-x
+] [
+.B num
+]
+.br
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Sail
+is a computer version of Avalon Hill's game of fighting sail
+originally developed by S. Craig Taylor.
+.SH NOTES
+.I Sail
+is really two programs in one.  Each player keeps track of his
+own ship plus a
+.I DRIVER
+program is execl'd (by the first player) to keep track of the
+computer's ships.
+.PP
+The player is given the first available ship in a scenario and the
+computer takes the rest.  Obviously the more ships in your game, the
+longer the 
+.I DRIVER
+will take to move them. If additional players join the game, they
+will be given ships and the
+.I DRIVER
+will have less work to do.  
+.SH HISTORICAL INFO
+Old Square Rigger's were very maneuverable ships capable of intricate
+sailing. Their one main disadvantage was being unable to sail very
+close to the wind. The design of wooden ship allowed only for the
+guns to bear to the left and right sides.  A few guns of small
+aspect (usually 6 or 9 pounders) could point forward, but their
+effect would be small compared to a 68 gun broadside of 24 pounders.
+The guns bear approximately like so:
+.nf
+
+       \\
+        b----------------
+    ---0
+        \\
+         \\
+          \\     up to a range of ten (for round shot)
+           \\
+            \\
+             \\
+
+.fi
+.bp
+An interesting phenomenon occurred when a broadside could fire
+down the length of an enemy ship.  The shot tended to bounce along
+the deck and did several times more damage. This phenomenon was called
+a rake. It happened that a stern rake (firing from the stern to the
+bow) occasioned more damage than a bow rake, so that was the most
+desirable. 
+.nf
+
+                       \\
+                        b----------------
+                    ---0
+                        \\
+                         \\      0a   ---  Stern rake!
+                          \\
+                           \\
+                            \\
+                             \\
+                              \\
+
+.fi
+Most ships were equipped with Carronades which were very large, close
+range cannons.  The carronades have a range of two in this game and can
+considerably add to your fire-power when they come to bear.
+If the distance to the target ship is greater than 6, the guns
+can only fire at the rigging.
+A ship's guns could fire a variety of ammunition.  For example:
+.SH ROUND
+Range of 10.  Good for hull or rigging hits.
+.SH DOUBLE
+Range of 1.  Extra good for hull or rigging hits.
+Double takes two turns to load.
+.SH CHAIN
+Range of 3.  Excellent for tearing down rigging.
+Cannot damage hull or guns, though.
+.SH GRAPE
+Range of 1.  Devastating against enemy crews.
+.PP
+When a ship has been battered into a hulk (zero hull), it has no 
+choice but to surrender to the firing ship.  This ceremony is called
+\'striking your colours.\'  A struck ship has a chance of exploding or
+sinking after a while.  When a ship surrenders, its point value is
+given to the aggressor. When a ship is captured, twice the point
+value is awarded the victor.
+.PP
+Normally, ships sailed into battle with greatly shortened sail to
+avoid excessive damage to the precious rigging.  However, in this game
+the player can increase to full sails and move much faster if he wishes.
+But, all rigging hits incurred with full sails set are doubled.
+The direction rose displayed on the sample screen gives the maximum
+speeds possible for a specific ship at all attitudes to the wind.
+The full sail speeds are in parenthesis.
+.PP
+Repairs can be made at the slow rate of two (hull, gun, or rigging)
+hits restored per three turns.
+.PP
+Ships of class 3 or greater drift when there is wind at the rate of
+one \'square\' per turn. Ships of the Line drift one \'square\'
+every other turn.
+.SH INSTRUCTIONS
+.I Sail
+follows the Avalon Hill advanced rules very closely using the
+optional rules for 'exploding ships', 'full sails', and some others.
+A few unique commands have been added which seemed to be helpful on
+the reduced screen. 'i' is such a command.
+.PP
+Boarding had to go through a major revision.  To prevent immediate
+capture of an unprepared crew (fouling is often not reported until
+after boarding has commenced) the boarded ship automatically fights
+defensively (at a small disadvantage) if no DBP's have been prepared.
+.PP
+The Order of Play has been eliminated for the player, but the
+.I DRIVER
+still abides by it.
+.PP
+The commands for the player were designed to be as intelligent as
+possible to save typing.  Some of the nuances I developed should be
+explained.
+.nf
+
+    ~    Your prompt
+
+The others I will illustrate with examples.
+
+    move(3, 2): r1l             /* 3 movements max, of which two
+                                   may be 45' turns. */
+
+    move(3,'2): 1r1             /* 3 movements max of which two may
+                                   be 45' turns, but the ship must
+                                   move ahead before turning (there
+                                   is a loss of headway after
+                                   drifting) */
+
+    move(0,'0): r               /* You can always make one turn
+                                   even when you can't move straight
+                                   ahead. */
+
+.fi
+If you are grappled, fouled, or out of crew, you cannot move of course.
+.bp
+.SH COMMANDS
+.nf
+
+    'f'  Fire broadsides if they bear
+    'l'  Reload
+    'm'  Move (see above & below)
+    'i'  Ask lookout for closest ship
+    'I'  Ask lookout for closest enemy ship
+    's'  Send a message around the fleet
+    'b'  Attempt to board an enemy ship
+    'L'  Unload broadsides (to change ammo)
+    'B'  Recall boarding parties
+    'c'  Change set of sail
+    'r'  Repair
+    'u'  Attempt to unfoul
+    'g'  Grapple/ungrapple
+   '^L'  Redraw screen
+    'q'  Quit
+
+.fi
+.bg
+.SH SCENARIOS
+.br
+.SH Ranger vs. Drake:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) Ranger            19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
+(b) Drake             17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)
+.SH The Battle of Flamborough Head:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+.fi
+This is John Paul Jones' first famous battle.  Aboard the Bonhomme
+Richard, he was able to overcome the Serapis's greater firepower
+by quickly boarding her.
+.nf
+
+(a) Bonhomme Rich     42 gun Corvette (crack crew) (11 pts)
+(b) Serapis           44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (12 pts)
+.SH Arbuthnot and Des Touches:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
+
+(b) America           64 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (20 pts)
+(b) Befford           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
+(b) Adamant           50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
+(b) London            98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
+(b) Royal Oak         74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
+(f) Neptune           74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Duc Bougogne      80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Conquerant        74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Provence          64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
+(f) Romulus           44 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (10 pts)
+.SH Suffren and Hughes:
+.nf
+
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(b) Monmouth          74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(b) Hero              74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
+(b) Isis              50 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (17 pts)
+(b) Superb            74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
+(b) Burford           74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Flamband          50 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (14 pts)
+(f) Annibal           74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Severe            64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
+(f) Brilliant         80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
+(f) Sphinx            80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
+.SH Nymphe vs. Cleopatre:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(b) Nymphe            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (11 pts)
+(f) Cleopatre         36 gun Frigate (average crew) (10 pts)
+.SH Mars vs. Hercule:
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+.nf
+(b) Mars              74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
+(f) Hercule           74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (23 pts)
+.SH Ambuscade vs. Baionnaise:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(b) Ambuscade         32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
+(f) Baionnaise        24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
+.SH Constellation vs. Insurgent:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a gale.
+
+(a) Constellation     38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
+(f) Insurgent         36 gun Corvette (average crew) (11 pts)
+.SH Constellation vs. Vengeance:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) Constellation     38 gun Corvette (elite crew) (17 pts)
+(f) Vengeance         40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
+.SH The Battle of Lissa:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(b) Amphion           32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
+(b) Active            38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (18 pts)
+(b) Volage            22 gun Frigate (elite crew) (11 pts)
+(b) Cerberus          32 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
+(f) Favorite          40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
+(f) Flore             40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
+(f) Danae             40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
+(f) Bellona           32 gun Frigate (green crew) (9 pts)
+(f) Corona            40 gun Frigate (green crew) (12 pts)
+(f) Carolina          32 gun Frigate (green crew) (7 pts)
+.SH Constitution vs. Guerriere:
+.nf
+Wind from the SW, blowing a gale.
+
+(a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
+(b) Guerriere         38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)
+.SH United States vs. Macedonian:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) United States     44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
+(b) Macedonian        38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)
+.SH Constitution vs. Java:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
+(b) Java              38 gun Corvette (crack crew) (19 pts)
+.SH Chesapeake vs. Shannon:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) Chesapeake        38 gun Frigate (average crew) (14 pts)
+(b) Shannon           38 gun Frigate (elite crew) (17 pts)
+.SH The Battle of Lake Erie:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.
+
+(a) Lawrence          20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
+(a) Niagara           20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
+(b) Lady Prevost      13 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
+(b) Detroit           19 gun Sloop (crack crew) (7 pts)
+(b) Q. Charlotte      17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (6 pts)
+.SH Wasp vs. Reindeer:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a light breeze.
+
+(a) Wasp              20 gun Sloop (elite crew) (12 pts)
+(b) Reindeer          18 gun Sloop (elite crew) (9 pts)
+.SH Constitution vs. Cyane and Levant:
+.br
+Wind from the S, blowing a moderate breeze.
+
+(a) Constitution      44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
+(b) Cyane             24 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
+(b) Levant            20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (10 pts)
+.br
+.SH Pellew vs. Droits de L'Homme:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a gale.
+
+(b) Indefatigable     44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
+(b) Amazon            36 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
+(f) Droits L'Hom      74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+.SH Algeciras:
+.nf
+Wind from the SW, blowing a moderate breeze.
+
+(b) Caesar            80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
+(b) Pompee            74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
+(b) Spencer           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
+(b) Hannibal          98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
+(s) Real-Carlos       112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
+(s) San Fernando      96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
+(s) Argonauta         80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)
+(s) San Augustine     74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
+(f) Indomptable       80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Desaix            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+.SH Lake Champlain:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) Saratoga          26 gun Sloop (crack crew) (12 pts)
+(a) Eagle             20 gun Sloop (crack crew) (11 pts)
+(a) Ticonderoga       17 gun Sloop (crack crew) (9 pts)
+(a) Preble            7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)
+(b) Confiance         37 gun Frigate (crack crew) (14 pts)
+(b) Linnet            16 gun Sloop (elite crew) (10 pts)
+(b) Chubb             11 gun Brig (crack crew) (5 pts)
+.SH Last Voyage of the USS President:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) President         44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
+(b) Endymion          40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
+(b) Pomone            44 gun Frigate (crack crew) (20 pts)
+(b) Tenedos           38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (15 pts)
+.SH Hornblower and the Natividad:
+.nf
+Wind from the E, blowing a gale.
+
+.fi
+A scenario for you Horny fans.  Remember, he sank the Natividad
+against heavy odds and winds.  Hint: don't try to board the Natividad,
+her crew is much bigger, albeit green.
+.nf
+
+(b) Lydia             36 gun Frigate (elite crew) (13 pts)
+(s) Natividad         50 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (14 pts)
+.SH Curse of the Flying Dutchman:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+Just for fun, take the Piece of cake.
+
+(s) Piece of Cake     24 gun Corvette (average crew) (9 pts)
+(f) Flying Dutchy     120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
+.SH The South Pacific:
+.nf
+Wind from the S, blowing a strong breeze.
+
+(a) USS Scurvy        136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
+(b) HMS Tahiti        120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
+(s) Australian        32 gun Frigate (average crew) (9 pts)
+(f) Bikini Atoll      7 gun Brig (crack crew) (4 pts)
+.SH Hornblower and the battle of Rosas bay:
+.nf
+Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+The only battle Hornblower ever lost.  He was able to dismast one
+ship and stern rake the anothers though.  See if you can do as well.
+.nf
+
+(b) Sutherland        74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (26 pts)
+(f) Turenne           80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Nightmare         74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Paris             112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Napolean          74 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (20 pts)
+.SH Cape Horn:
+.nf
+Wind from the NE, blowing a strong breeze.
+
+(a) Concord           80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
+(a) Berkeley          98 gun 3 Decker SOL (crack crew) (28 pts)
+(b) Thames            120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
+(s) Madrid            112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Musket            80 gun 3 Decker SOL (average crew) (27 pts)
+.SH New Orleans:
+.nf
+Wind from the SE, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+Watch that little Cypress go!
+
+(a) Alligator         120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
+(b) Firefly           74 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (27 pts)
+(b) Cypress           44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (14 pts)
+.SH Botany Bay:
+.nf
+Wind from the N, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(b) Shark             64 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (18 pts)
+(f) Coral Snake       44 gun Corvette (elite crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Sea Lion          44 gun Frigate (elite crew) (24 pts)
+.SH Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea:
+.nf
+Wind from the NW, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+This one is dedicated to David Hedison.
+
+(a) Seaview           120 gun 3 Decker SOL (elite crew) (43 pts)
+(a) Flying Sub        40 gun Frigate (crack crew) (17 pts)
+(b) Mermaid           136 gun 3 Decker SOL (mutinous crew) (27 pts)
+(s) Giant Squid       112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
+.SH Frigate Action:
+.nf
+Wind from the E, blowing a fresh breeze.
+
+(a) Killdeer          40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
+(b) Sandpiper         40 gun Frigate (average crew) (15 pts)
+(s) Curlew            38 gun Frigate (crack crew) (16 pts)
+.SH The Battle of Midway:
+.nf
+Wind from the E, blowing a moderate breeze.
+
+(a) Enterprise        80 gun Ship of the Line (crack crew) (31 pts)
+(a) Yorktown          80 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (27 pts)
+(a) Hornet            74 gun Ship of the Line (average crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Akagi             112 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (27 pts)
+(f) Kaga              96 gun 3 Decker SOL (green crew) (24 pts)
+(f) Soryu             80 gun Ship of the Line (green crew) (23 pts)
+.SH EXAMPLE OF MOVE:
+.nf
+
+    / Max distance (including turns)
+   /  Max number of 45 degree turns (one at a time only)
+  /  /
+Move(3, 2): r1l    /* move right, ahead, left
+                    *
+                    *         0 START
+                    *        b
+                    *--------------------------
+                    *
+                    *        b0 RIGHT
+                    *--------------------------
+                    *
+                    *       b0  ONE
+                    *--------------------------
+                    *        0
+                    *       b   LEFT
+                    *--------------------------
+
+.fi
+.SH SAMPLE GAME:
+.nf
+
+% sail
+Choose a scenario:
+
+
+NUMBER  SHIPS   IN PLAY TITLE
+0):     2       no      Ranger vs. Drake
+1):     2       no      The Battle of Flamborough Head
+2):     10      no      Arbuthnot and Des Touches
+3):     10      no      Suffren and Hughes
+4):     2       no      Nymphe vs. Cleopatre
+5):     2       no      Mars vs. Hercule
+6):     2       no      Ambuscade vs. Baionnaise
+7):     2       no      Constellation vs. Insurgent
+8):     2       no      Constellation vs. Vengeance
+9):     10      no      The Battle of Lissa
+10):    2       no      Constitution vs. Guerriere
+11):    2       no      United States vs. Macedonian
+12):    2       no      Constitution vs. Java
+13):    2       no      Chesapeake vs. Shannon
+14):    5       no      The Battle of Lake Erie
+15):    2       no      Wasp vs. Reindeer
+16):    3       no      Constitution vs. Cyane and Levant
+17):    3       no      Pellew vs. Droits de L'Homme
+18):    10      no      Algeciras
+19):    7       no      Lake Champlain
+20):    4       no      Last Voyage of the USS President
+21):    2       no      Hornblower and the Natividad
+22):    2       no      Curse of the Flying Dutchman
+23):    4       no      The South Pacific
+24):    5       no      Hornblower and the battle of Rosas bay
+25):    5       no      Cape Horn
+26):    3       no      New Orleans
+27):    3       no      Botany Bay
+28):    4       no      Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
+29):    3       no      Frigate Action
+30):    6       no      The Battle of Midway
+
+Scenario number? 21
+Your ship is the Lydia, a 36 gun Frigate (elite crew).
+Your name, Captain? Dave #1 
+
+Initial broadside left (grape, chain, round, double): d
+
+Initial broadside right (grape, chain, round, double): r
+
+Class 3 (36 guns) Frigate 'Lydia' (b0)          Points: 0  Fouls: 0  Grapples: 0
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+|                                                                              |
+|                                                                              |
+|                                                ~0  -- a sinking ship         |
+|                        0                                                     |
+|                       b                   #1  -- an exploding ship           |
+|                       ^                                                      |
+|                       bow of Lydia                    |----------------------|
+|                                                       |      wind speed   -5+|
+|                                                       |    and direction     |
+|                                                       | (blowing from right) |
+|         !  -- a struck ship           S0              |----------------------|
+|          1                               \\                                   |
+|                                           stern of Natividad                 |
+|                                       Natividad has full sails set.          |
+|                                                                              |
+------------------------------------Turn 0--------------------------------------
+Aye aye, Sir                    load: port and starboard - Load  D! R!    0 1(1)
+~                                                          Hull   9      \|/
+                                crew: 3 sections --------- Crew  4  4  2 -^-1(1)
+                                guns: port and starboard - Guns  4  4    /|\
+                        carronades: port and starboard --- Carr  2  2     | 3(5)
+                                rigging 4 masts ---------- Rigg 5 5 5 5   2(4)  
+.fi
+.SH "Ken Arnold Code"
+curses library (pu!)
+.SH Author
+Dave Riggle
+.SH "Bug-author"
+Ed Wang (pronounced Wong)
+.SH Refitting
+Craig Leres
+.SH Consultants
+.nf
+Chris Guthrie
+Captain Happy
+Nancy Reagan
+.fi
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+midway(PUBLIC)
+.SH BUGS