build: Better Build System

author: Jacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com> 2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
committer: Jacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com> 2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
commit: 97d5c458cfa039d857301e1ca7d5af3beb37131d (patch)
tree: b460cd850d0537eb71806ba30358840377b27688 /static/plan9-4e/man7
parent: b89dc2331a50c63f8b33272a5c4c61ab98abdaa3 (diff)
9 files changed, 1400 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/0intro.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/0intro.7
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+.TH INTRO 7
+.SH NAME
+intro \- introduction to databases
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+This manual section describes databases available on Plan 9
+and the commands that access them.
+Some of them involve proprietary data that is not distributed outside
+Bell Laboratories.
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/INDEX.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/INDEX.7
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+0intro 0intro
+intro 0intro
+astro astro
+dict dict
+juke juke
+map map
+mapdemo map
+scat scat
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/INDEX.html.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/INDEX.html.7
new file mode 100644
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+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>plan 9 man section 7</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY>
+<B>[<A HREF="/sys/man/index.html">manual index</A>]</B>
+<H2>Plan 9 from Bell Labs - Section 7 - Databases</H2>
+<HR>
+<DL>
+<DT><A HREF="/magic/man2html/7/0intro">0intro</A>
+-  introduction to databases
+<DD><TT> intro</TT>
+</DT>
+<DT><A HREF="/magic/man2html/7/astro">astro</A>
+-  print astronomical information
+<DD><TT> astro</TT>
+</DT>
+<DT><A HREF="/magic/man2html/7/dict">dict</A>
+-  dictionary browser
+<DD><TT> dict</TT>
+</DT>
+<DT><A HREF="/magic/man2html/7/juke">juke</A>
+-  CDROM juke box
+<DD><TT> juke</TT>
+</DT>
+<DT><A HREF="/magic/man2html/7/map">map</A>
+-  draw maps on various projections
+<DD><TT> map, mapdemo</TT>
+</DT>
+<DT><A HREF="/magic/man2html/7/scat">scat</A>
+-  sky catalogue and Digitized Sky Survey
+<DD><TT> scat</TT>
+</DT>
+</DL>
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/Makefile b/static/plan9-4e/man7/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..57ec7ecb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/plan9-4e/man7/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+MAN = $(wildcard *.7)
+
+include ../../mandoc.mk
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/astro.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/astro.7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d19e81b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/plan9-4e/man7/astro.7
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+.TH ASTRO 7
+.SH NAME
+astro \- print astronomical information
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B astro
+[
+.B -dlpsatokm
+]
+[
+.B -c
+n
+]
+[
+.B -C
+d
+]
+[
+.B -e
+.I obj1
+.I obj2
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Astro
+reports upcoming celestial events, by default for 24 hours starting now.
+The options are:
+.TP
+.B d
+Read the starting date.
+A prompt gives the input
+format.
+.TP
+.B l
+Read the north latitude, west longitude, and elevation of the observation point.
+A prompt gives the input format.
+If
+.B l
+is missing, the initial position is read from the file
+.BR /lib/sky/here .
+.TP
+.B c
+Report for
+.I n
+(default 1) successive days.
+.TP
+.B C
+Used with
+.BR -c ,
+set the interval to
+.B d
+days (or fractions of days).
+.TP
+.B e
+Report distance between the centers of
+objects, in arc seconds, during eclipses or occultations involving
+.I obj1
+and
+.IR obj2 .
+.TP
+.B p
+Print the positions of objects at the
+given time rather than searching for interesting
+conjunctions.
+For each, the name is followed by
+the right ascension (hours, minutes, seconds),
+declination (degrees, minutes, seconds),
+azimuth (degrees),
+elevation (degrees),
+and semidiameter (arc seconds).
+For the sun and moon, the magnitude is also printed.
+The first line of output presents the date and time,
+sidereal time, and the latitude, longitude, and elevation.
+.TP
+.B s
+Print output in English words suitable for speech synthesizers.
+.TP
+.B a
+Include a list of artificial earth satellites for interesting events.
+(There are no orbital elements for the satellites, so this option
+is not usable.)
+.TP
+.B t
+Read
+ΔT
+from standard input.
+ΔT
+is the difference between ephemeris and
+universal time (seconds) due to the slowing of the earth's rotation.
+ΔT
+is normally calculated from an empirical formula.
+This option is needed only for very accurate timing of
+occultations, eclipses, etc.
+.TP
+.B o
+Search for stellar occultations.
+.TP
+.B k
+Print times in local time (`kitchen clock')
+as described in the
+.B timezone
+environment variable.
+.TP
+.B m
+Includes a single comet in the list of objects.
+This is modified (in the source) to refer to an approaching comet
+but in steady state
+usually refers to the last interesting comet (currently Hale-Bopp, C/1995 O1).
+.SH FILES
+.TF /lib/sky/estartab
+.TP
+.B /lib/sky/estartab
+ecliptic star data
+.TP
+.B /lib/sky/here
+default latitude (N), longitude (W), and elevation (meters)
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/cmd/astro
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.IR scat (7)
+.SH BUGS
+The
+.B k
+option reverts to GMT outside of 1970-2036.
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/dict.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/dict.7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fc47634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/plan9-4e/man7/dict.7
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+.TH DICT 7
+.SH NAME
+dict \- dictionary browser
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B dict
+[
+.B -k
+]
+[
+.B -d
+.I dictname
+]
+[
+.B -c
+.I command
+]
+[
+.I pattern
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Dict
+is a dictionary browser.
+If a
+.I pattern
+is given on the command line,
+.I dict
+prints all matching entries;
+otherwise it repeatedly accepts and executes commands.
+The options are
+.TF -d\ \fIdictname\fP
+.TP
+.BI -d " dictname"
+Use the given dictionary.
+The default is
+.BR oed ,
+the second edition of the Oxford English Dictionary.
+A list of available dictionaries is printed by option
+.BR -d? .
+.TP
+.BI -c " command"
+Execute one command and quit.
+The command syntax is described below.
+.TP
+.B -k
+Print a pronunciation key.
+.PD
+.PP
+Patterns are regular expressions (see
+.IR regexp (6)),
+with an implicit leading
+.L ^
+and trailing
+.LR $ .
+Patterns are matched against an index of headwords and variants,
+to form a `match set'.
+By default, both patterns and the index are folded:
+upper case characters are mapped into their lower case equivalents,
+and Latin accented characters are mapped into their non-accented
+equivalents.
+In interactive mode, there is always a `current match set'
+and a `current entry' within the match set.
+Commands can change either or both, as well as print the entries
+or information about them.
+.PP
+Commands have an address followed by a command letter.
+Addresses have the form:
+.TF /\fIre\fP/.\fIn\fP
+.TP
+.BI / re /
+Set the match set to all entries matching the regular expression
+.IR re ,
+sorted in dictionary order.
+Set the current entry to the first of the match set.
+.TP
+.BI ! re !
+Like
+.BI / re /
+but use exact matching, i.e., without case and accent folding.
+.TP
+.I n
+An integer
+.I n
+means change the current entry to the
+.IR n th
+of the current match set.
+.TP
+.BI # n
+The integer
+.I n
+is an absolute byte offset into the raw dictionary.
+(See the
+.B A
+command, below.)
+.TP
+.IB addr +
+After setting the match set and current entry according to
+.IR addr ,
+change the match set and current entry to be the next entry
+in the dictionary (not necessarily in the match set) after
+the current entry.
+.TP
+.IB addr -
+Like
+.IB addr +
+but go to previous dictionary entry.
+.PD
+.PP
+The command letters come in pairs: a lower case and the
+corresponding upper case letter.
+The lower case version prints something about the current
+entry only, and advances the current entry to the next
+in the match set (wrapping around to the beginning after
+the last).
+The upper case version prints something about all of the
+match set and resets the current entry to the beginning of
+the set.
+.TF \fLa,A\fP
+.TP
+.BR p , P
+Print the whole entry.
+.TP
+.BR h , H
+Print only the headword(s) of the entry.
+.TP
+.BR a , A
+Print the dictionary byte offset of the entry.
+.TP
+.BR r , R
+Print the whole entry in raw format (without translating
+special characters, etc.).
+.PD
+.PP
+If no command letter is given for the first command,
+.B H
+is assumed.
+After an
+.BR H ,
+the default command is
+.BR p .
+Otherwise, the default command is the previous command.
+.SH FILES
+.B /lib/dict/oed2
+.br
+.B /lib/dict/oed2index
+.br
+Other files in
+.BR /lib .
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR regexp (6)
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/cmd/dict
+.SH BUGS
+A font with wide coverage of the Unicode Standard
+should be used for best results.
+(Try
+.BR /lib/font/bit/pelm/unicode.9.font .)
+.br
+If the
+.I pattern
+doesn't begin with
+a few literal characters, matching takes a long time.
+.br
+The dictionaries are not distributed outside Bell Labs.
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/juke.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/juke.7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..421d5afe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/plan9-4e/man7/juke.7
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.TH JUKE 7
+.SH NAME
+juke \-
+.SM CDROM
+juke box
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B 9fs juke
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+.I juke
+file system is a stand-alone file server,
+.BR jukefs ,
+that stores copies of
+.SM CDROM\c
+s
+in a simulation of the true juke box that it replaces.
+Each `disc' in the juke box appears as a file in
+.B /n/juke
+or in a subdirectory of
+.BR /n/juke .
+Here are descriptions of some of them.
+.nr zz \w'\f(CWsupercomputing.93\fP'u/1n+2
+.TP \n(zz
+.B plan9.1992
+The 1992 Plan 9 release.
+.TP
+.B plan9.1995
+The 1995 Plan 9 release.
+.TP
+.B dss/dss.???
+Digitized Sky Survey (102 discs covering the night sky); access with
+.IR scat (7).
+.TP
+.B eg/*
+Chess end games.
+.PP
+To see the contents of a
+.SM CDROM\c
+, start
+.B 9660srv
+(see
+.IR dossrv (4))
+and mount the service with the file name of the
+.SM CDROM
+as the attach specifier.
+.SH BUGS
+There should be a way to access the contents of the
+.SM CDROM\c
+s
+without running
+.B 9660srv
+locally.
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/map.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/map.7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abb5b942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/plan9-4e/man7/map.7
@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
+.TH MAP 7
+.SH NAME
+map, mapdemo \- draw maps on various projections
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B map
+.I projection
+[
+.I option ...
+]
+.PP
+.B mapdemo
+.PP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Map
+prepares on the standard output a
+map suitable for display by any
+plotting filter described in
+.IR  plot (1).
+A menu of projections is produced in response to an unknown
+.IR projection .
+.I Mapdemo
+is a short course in mapping.
+.PP
+The default data for
+.I map
+are world shorelines.
+Option
+.B -f
+accesses more detailed data
+classified by feature.
+.TP
+.BR -f " [ \fIfeature\fR ... ]"
+Features are ranked 1 (default) to 4 from major to minor.
+Higher-numbered ranks include all lower-numbered ones.
+Features are
+.RS
+.TF country[1-3]
+.TP
+.BR shore [ 1 - 4 ] 
+seacoasts, lakes, and islands; option
+.B -f
+always shows
+.B shore1
+.TP
+.BR ilake [ 1 - 2 ] 
+intermittent lakes
+.TP
+.BR river [ 1 - 4 ] 
+rivers
+.TP
+.BR iriver [ 1 - 3 ] 
+intermittent rivers
+.TP
+.BR canal [ 1 - 3 ] 
+.BR 3 =irrigation
+canals
+.TP
+.BR glacier
+.TP
+.BR iceshelf [ 12 ] 
+.TP
+.BR reef
+.TP
+.BR saltpan [ 12 ] 
+.TP
+.BR country [ 1 - 3 ] 
+.BR 2 =disputed
+boundaries,
+.BR 3 =indefinite
+boundaries
+.TP
+.BR state
+states and provinces (US and Canada only)
+.PD
+.RE
+.PP
+In other options
+coordinates are in degrees, with north latitude
+and west longitude counted as positive.
+.TP 0
+.BI -l " S N E W"
+Set the southern and northern latitude
+and the eastern and western longitude limits.
+Missing arguments are filled out from the list
+\-90, 90, \-180, 180,
+or lesser limits suitable to the
+projection at hand.
+.TP
+.BI -k " S N E W
+Set the scale as if for a map with limits
+.B -l
+.I "S N E W"\f1.
+Do not consider any
+.B -l
+or
+.B -w
+option in setting scale.
+.TP
+.BI -o " lat lon rot"
+Orient the map in a nonstandard position.
+Imagine a transparent gridded sphere around the globe.
+Turn the overlay about the North Pole
+so that the Prime Meridian (longitude 0)
+of the overlay coincides with meridian
+.I lon
+on the globe.
+Then tilt the North Pole of the
+overlay along its Prime Meridian to latitude
+.I lat
+on the globe.
+Finally again turn the
+overlay about its `North Pole' so
+that its Prime Meridian coincides with the previous position
+of meridian
+.IR rot .
+Project the map in
+the standard form appropriate to the overlay, but presenting
+information from the underlying globe.
+Missing arguments are filled out from the list
+90, 0, 0.
+In the absence of
+.BR - o ,
+the orientation is 90, 0,
+.IR m ,
+where
+.I m
+is the middle of the longitude range.
+.TP
+.BI -w " S N E W"
+Window the map by the specified latitudes
+and longitudes in the tilted, rotated coordinate system.
+Missing arguments are filled out from the list \-90, 90, \-180, 180.
+(It is wise to give an encompassing
+.B -l
+option with
+.BR -w .
+Otherwise for small windows computing time
+varies inversely with area!)
+.TP
+.BI -d " n"
+For speed, plot only every
+.IR n th
+point.
+.TP
+.B  -r
+Reverse left and right
+(good for star charts and inside-out views).
+.ns
+.TP
+.B -v
+Verso.
+Switch to a normally suppressed sheet of the map, such as the
+back side of the earth in orthographic projection.
+.TP
+.B  -s1
+.br
+.ns
+.TP
+.B -s2
+Superpose; outputs for a
+.B -s1
+map (no closing) and a
+.B -s2
+map (no opening) may be concatenated.
+.TP
+.BI -g " dlat dlon res"
+Grid spacings are
+.IR dlat ,
+.IR dlon .
+Zero spacing means no grid.
+Missing
+.I dlat
+is taken to be zero.
+Missing
+.I dlon
+is taken the same as
+.IR dlat .
+Grid lines are drawn to a resolution of
+.I res
+(2° or less by default).
+In the absence of
+.BR - g ,
+grid spacing is 10°.
+.TP
+.BI -p " lat lon extent"
+Position the point
+.I lat, lon
+at the center of the plotting area.
+Scale the map so that the height (and width) of the
+nominal plotting area is
+.I extent
+times the size of one degree of latitude
+at the center.
+By default maps are scaled and positioned
+to fit within the plotting area.
+An
+.I extent
+overrides option
+.BR -k .
+.TP
+.BI -c " x y rot"
+After all other positioning and scaling operations
+have been performed, rotate the image
+.I rot
+degrees counterclockwise about the center 
+and move the center to position
+.IR x ,
+.IR y ,
+where the nominal plotting area is
+.RI \-1≤ x ≤1,
+.RI \-1≤ y ≤1.
+Missing arguments are taken to be 0.
+.BR -x
+Allow the map to extend outside the nominal plotting area.
+.TP
+.BR -m " [ \fIfile\fP ... ]"
+Use
+map data from named files.
+If no files are named, omit map data.
+Names that do not exist as pathnames are looked up in
+a standard directory, which contains, in addition to the
+data for
+.BR -f ,
+.RS
+.LP
+.TF counties
+.TP
+.B world
+World Data Bank I (default)
+.TP
+.B states
+US map from Census Bureau
+.TP
+.B counties
+US map from Census Bureau
+.PD
+.RE
+.IP
+The environment variables
+.B MAP 
+and
+.B MAPDIR 
+change the default
+map and default directory.
+.TP
+.BI -b " \fR[\fPlat0 lon0 lat1 lon1\fR... ]"
+Suppress the drawing of the normal boundary
+(defined by options
+.BR -l 
+and
+.BR -w ).
+Coordinates, if present, define the vertices of a
+polygon to which the map is clipped.
+If only two vertices are given, they are taken to be the
+diagonal of a rectangle.
+To draw the polygon, give its vertices as a
+.B -u
+track.
+.TP
+.BI -t " file ..."
+The
+.I files
+contain lists of points,
+given as latitude-longitude pairs in degrees.
+If the first file is named 
+.LR - ,
+the standard input is taken instead.
+The points of each list are plotted as connected `tracks'.
+.IP
+Points in a track file may be followed by label strings.
+A label breaks the track.
+A label may be prefixed by
+\fL"\fR,
+.LR : ,
+or 
+.L !
+and is terminated by a newline.
+An unprefixed string or a string prefixed with
+.L
+"
+is displayed at the designated point.
+The first word of a
+.L :
+or
+.L !
+string names a special symbol (see option
+.BR -y ).
+An optional numerical second word is a scale factor
+for the size of the symbol, 1 by default.
+A
+.L :
+symbol is aligned with its top to the north; a
+.L !
+symbol is aligned vertically on the page.
+.TP
+.BI -u " file ..."
+Same as
+.BR -t ,
+except the tracks are
+unbroken lines.
+.RB ( -t
+tracks appear as dot-dashed lines if the plotting filter supports them.)
+.TP
+.BI -y " file
+The
+.I file
+contains 
+.IR plot (6)-style
+data for
+.L :
+or
+.L !
+labels in
+.B -t
+or
+.B -u
+files.
+Each symbol is defined by a comment
+.BI : name
+then a sequence of
+.L m
+and
+.L v
+commands.
+Coordinates (0,0) fall on the plotting point.
+Default scaling is as if the nominal plotting range were
+.LR "ra -1 -1 1 1" ;
+.L ra
+commands in
+.I file
+change the scaling.
+.SS Projections
+Equatorial projections centered on the Prime Meridian
+(longitude 0).
+Parallels are straight horizontal lines.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.B mercator
+equally spaced straight meridians, conformal,
+straight compass courses
+.TP
+.B sinusoidal
+equally spaced parallels,
+equal-area, same as
+.LR "bonne 0" .
+.TP
+.BI cylequalarea " lat0"
+equally spaced straight meridians, equal-area,
+true scale on
+.I lat0
+.TP
+.B cylindrical
+central projection on tangent cylinder
+.TP
+.BI rectangular " lat0"
+equally spaced parallels, equally spaced straight meridians, true scale on
+.I lat0
+.TP
+.BI gall " lat0"
+parallels spaced stereographically on prime meridian, equally spaced straight
+meridians, true scale on
+.I lat0
+.TP
+.B mollweide
+(homalographic) equal-area, hemisphere is a circle
+.br
+.B gilbert()
+sphere conformally mapped on hemisphere and viewed orthographically
+.TP
+.B gilbert
+globe mapped conformally on hemisphere, viewed orthographically
+.PD
+.PP
+Azimuthal projections centered on the North Pole.
+Parallels are concentric circles.
+Meridians are equally spaced radial lines.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.B azequidistant
+equally spaced parallels,
+true distances from pole
+.TP
+.B azequalarea
+equal-area
+.TP
+.B gnomonic
+central projection on tangent plane,
+straight great circles
+.TP
+.BI perspective " dist"
+viewed along earth's axis
+.I dist
+earth radii from center of earth
+.TP
+.B orthographic
+viewed from infinity
+.TP
+.B stereographic
+conformal, projected from opposite pole
+.TP
+.B laue
+.IR radius " = tan(2\(mu" colatitude ),
+used in X-ray crystallography
+.TP
+.BI fisheye " n"
+stereographic seen from just inside medium with refractive index
+.I n
+.TP
+.BI newyorker " r"
+.IR radius " = log(" colatitude / r ):
+.I New Yorker
+map from viewing pedestal of radius
+.I r
+degrees
+.PD
+.PP
+Polar conic projections symmetric about the Prime Meridian.
+Parallels are segments of concentric circles.
+Except in the Bonne projection,
+meridians are equally spaced radial
+lines orthogonal to the parallels.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.BI conic " lat0"
+central projection on cone tangent at
+.I lat0
+.TP
+.BI simpleconic " lat0 lat1"
+equally spaced parallels, true scale on
+.I lat0
+and
+.I lat1
+.TP
+.BI lambert " lat0 lat1"
+conformal, true scale on 
+.I lat0
+and 
+.I lat1
+.TP
+.BI albers " lat0 lat1"
+equal-area, true scale on
+.I lat0
+and 
+.I lat1
+.TP
+.BI bonne " lat0"
+equally spaced parallels, equal-area,
+parallel
+.I lat0
+developed from tangent cone
+.PD
+.PP
+Projections with bilateral symmetry about
+the Prime Meridian
+and the equator.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.B polyconic
+parallels developed from tangent cones,
+equally spaced along Prime Meridian
+.TP
+.B aitoff
+equal-area projection of globe onto 2-to-1
+ellipse, based on 
+.I azequalarea
+.TP
+.B lagrange
+conformal, maps whole sphere into a circle
+.TP
+.BI bicentric " lon0"
+points plotted at true azimuth from two
+centers on the equator at longitudes
+.IR ±lon0 ,
+great circles are straight lines
+(a stretched
+.IR gnomonic
+)
+.TP
+.BI elliptic " lon0"
+points plotted at true distance from
+two centers on the equator at longitudes
+.I ±lon0
+.TP
+.B globular
+hemisphere is circle,
+circular arc meridians equally spaced on equator,
+circular arc parallels equally spaced on 0- and 90-degree meridians
+.TP
+.B vandergrinten
+sphere is circle,
+meridians as in
+.IR globular ,
+circular arc parallels resemble 
+.I mercator
+.PD
+.PP
+Doubly periodic conformal projections.
+.PP
+.TP 1.5i
+.B guyou
+W and E hemispheres are square
+.PD 0
+.TP
+.B square
+world is square with Poles
+at diagonally opposite corners
+.TP
+.B tetra
+map on tetrahedron with edge
+tangent to Prime Meridian at S Pole,
+unfolded into equilateral triangle
+.TP
+.B hex
+world is hexagon centered
+on N Pole, N and S hemispheres are equilateral
+triangles
+.PD
+.PP
+Miscellaneous projections.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.BI harrison " dist angle"
+oblique perspective from above the North Pole,
+.I dist
+earth radii from center of earth, looking
+along the Date Line
+.I angle
+degrees off vertical
+.TP
+.BI trapezoidal " lat0 lat1"
+equally spaced parallels,
+straight meridians equally spaced along parallels,
+true scale at
+.I lat0
+and
+.I lat1
+on Prime Meridian
+.PD
+.br
+.B lune(lat,angle)
+conformal, polar cap above latitude
+.I lat
+maps to convex lune with given
+.I angle
+at 90\(deE and 90\(deW
+.PP
+Retroazimuthal projections.
+At every point the angle between vertical and a straight line to
+`Mecca', latitude
+.I lat0
+on the prime meridian,
+is the true bearing of Mecca.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.BI mecca " lat0"
+equally spaced vertical meridians
+.TP
+.BI homing " lat0"
+distances to Mecca are true
+.PD
+.PP
+Maps based on the spheroid.
+Of geodetic quality, these projections do not make sense
+for tilted orientations.
+For descriptions, see corresponding maps above.
+.PP
+.PD 0
+.TP 1.5i
+.B sp_mercator
+.TP
+.BI sp_albers " lat0 lat1"
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.TP
+.L
+map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74
+A view looking down on New York from 100 miles
+(0.025 of the 4000-mile earth radius) up.
+The job can be done faster by limiting the map so as not to `plot'
+the invisible part of the world:
+.LR "map perspective 1.025 -o 40.75 74 -l 20 60 30 100".
+A circular border can be forced by adding option
+.LR "-w 77.33" .
+(Latitude 77.33° falls just inside a polar cap of
+opening angle arccos(1/1.025) = 12.6804°.)
+.TP
+.L
+map mercator -o 49.25 -106 180
+An `equatorial' map of the earth
+centered on New York.
+The pole of the map is placed 90\(de away (40.75+49.25=90)
+on the
+other side of the earth.
+A 180° twist around the pole of the map arranges that the
+`Prime Meridian' of the map runs from the pole of the
+map over the North Pole to New York
+instead of down the back side of the earth.
+The same effect can be had from
+.L
+map mercator -o 130.75 74
+.TP
+.L
+map albers 28 45 -l 20 50 60 130 -m states
+A customary curved-latitude map of the United States.
+.TP
+.L
+map harrison 2 30 -l -90 90 120 240 -o 90 0 0
+A fan view covering 60° on either
+side of the Date Line, as seen from one earth radius
+above the North Pole gazing at the
+earth's limb, which is 30° off vertical.
+The
+.B -o
+option overrides the default
+.BR "-o 90 0 180" , 
+which would rotate
+the scene to behind the observer.
+.SH FILES
+.TF /lib/map/[1-4]??
+.TP
+.B /lib/map/[1-4]??
+World Data Bank II, for
+.B -f
+.TP
+.B /lib/map/*
+maps for
+.B -m
+.TP
+.B /lib/map/*.x
+map indexes
+.TP
+.B /bin/aux/mapd
+Map driver program
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/cmd/map
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR map (6), 
+.IR plot (1),
+.IR road (7)
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+`Map seems to be empty'\(ema coarse survey found
+zero extent within the 
+.B -l
+and
+.BR -w 
+bounds; for maps of limited extent
+the grid resolution,
+.IR res ,
+or the limits may have to be refined.
+.SH BUGS
+Windows (option
+.BR -w )
+cannot cross the Date Line.
+No borders appear along edges arising from
+visibility limits.
+Segments that cross a border are dropped, not clipped.
+Excessively large scale or
+.B -d
+setting may cause long line segments to be dropped.
+.I Map
+tries to draw grid lines dotted and
+.B -t
+tracks dot-dashed.
+As very few plotting filters properly support
+curved textured lines, these lines are likely to
+appear solid.
+The west-longitude-positive convention
+betrays Yankee chauvinism.
+.I Gilbert
+should be a map from sphere to sphere, independent of
+the mapping from sphere to plane.
diff --git a/static/plan9-4e/man7/scat.7 b/static/plan9-4e/man7/scat.7
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d9bf8db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/static/plan9-4e/man7/scat.7
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+.TH SCAT 7
+.SH NAME
+scat \- sky catalogue and Digitized Sky Survey
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B scat
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Scat
+looks up items in catalogues of objects
+outside the solar system
+and implements database-like manipulations
+on sets of such objects.
+It also provides an interface to
+.IR astro (7)
+to plot the locations of solar system objects.
+Finally, it displays images from the
+Space Telescope Science Institute's
+Digitized Sky Survey, keyed to the catalogues.
+.PP
+Items are read, one per line, from the standard input
+and looked up in the catalogs.
+Input is case-insensitive.
+The result of the lookup becomes the set of objects available
+to the database commands.
+After each lookup or command, if more than two objects are
+in the set,
+.I scat
+prints how many objects are in the set; otherwise it
+prints the objects'
+descriptions or cross-index listings (suitable for input to
+.IR scat ).
+An item is in one of the following formats:
+.TP
+.B ngc1234
+Number 1234 in the New General Catalogue of
+Nonstellar Objects, NGC2000.0.
+The output identifies the type 
+.RB( Gx =galaxy,
+.BR Pl =planetary
+nebula, 
+.BR OC =open
+cluster, 
+.BR Gb =globular
+cluster, 
+.BR Nb =bright
+nebula,
+.BR C+N =cluster
+associated with nebulosity,
+.BR Ast =asterism,
+.BR Kt =knot
+or nebulous region in a galaxy,
+.BR *** =triple
+star,
+.BR D* =double
+star,
+.BR ? =uncertain,
+.BR - =nonexistent,
+.BR PD =plate
+defect, and
+(blank)=unverified or unknown),
+its position in 2000.0 coordinates,
+its size in minutes of arc, a brief description, and popular names.
+.TP
+.B ic1234
+Like NGC references, but from the Index Catalog.
+.TP
+.B sao12345
+Number 12345 in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Star Catalogue.
+Output identifies the visual and photographic magnitudes,
+2000.0 coordinates, proper motion, spectral type, multiplicity and variability
+class, and HD number.
+.TP
+.B m4
+Catalog number 4 in Messier's catalog.
+The output is the NGC number.
+.TP
+.B abell1701
+Catalog number 1701 in the Abell and Zwicky
+catalog of clusters of galaxies.
+Output identifies the magnitude of the tenth brightest member of the cluster,
+radius of the cluster in degrees, its distance in megaparsecs,
+2000.0 coordinates, galactic latitude and longitude,
+magnitude range of the cluster (the `distance group'),
+number of members (the `richness group'), population
+per square degree, and popular names.
+.TP
+.B planetarynebula
+The set of NGC objects of the specified type.
+The type may be a compact NGC code or a full name, as above, with no blank.
+.TP 
+\fL"α umi"\fP
+Names are provided in double quotes.
+Known names are the Greek
+letter designations, proper names such as Betelgeuse, bright variable stars,
+and some proper names of stars, NGC objects, and Abell clusters.
+Greek letters may be spelled out, e.g.
+.BR alpha .
+Constellation names must be the three-letter abbreviations.
+The output
+is the SAO number.
+For non-Greek names, catalog numbers and names are listed for all objects with
+names for which the given name is a prefix.
+.TP
+.B 12h34m -16
+Coordinates in the sky are translated to the nearest `patch',
+approximately one square degree of sky.
+The output is the coordinates identifying the patch,
+the constellations touching the patch, and the Abell, NGC, and SAO
+objects in the patch.
+The program prints sky positions in several formats corresponding
+to different precisions; any output format is understood as input.
+.TP
+.B umi
+All the patches in the named constellation.
+.TP
+.B mars
+The planets are identified by their names.
+The names
+.B shadow
+and
+.B comet
+refer to the earth's penumbra at lunar distance and the comet installed in the current
+.IR astro (7).
+The output is the planet's name, right ascension and declination, azimuth and altitude, and phase
+for the moon and sun, as shown by
+.BR astro .
+The positions are current at the start of
+.I scat 's
+execution; see the
+.B astro
+command in the next section for more information.
+.PP
+The commands are:
+.TF print
+.TP
+.BI add " item"
+Add the named item to the set.
+.TP
+.BI keep " class ..."
+Flatten the set and cull it, keeping only the specified classes.
+The classes may be specific NGC types,
+all stars
+.RB ( sao ),
+all NGC objects
+.RB ( ngc ),
+all M objects
+.RB ( m ),
+all Abell clusters
+.RB ( abell ),
+or a specified brightness range.
+Brightness ranges are specified by a leading
+.B >
+or
+.B <
+followed by a magnitude.
+Remember that brighter objects have lesser magnitudes.
+.TP
+.BI drop " class ..."
+Complement to
+.BR keep .
+.TP
+.BI flat
+Some items such as patches represents sets of items.
+.I Flat
+flattens the set so
+.I scat
+holds all the information available for the objects in the set.
+.TP
+.BI print
+Print the contents of the set.  If the information seems meager, try
+flattening the set.
+.TP
+.BI expand " n"
+Flatten the set,
+expand the area of the sky covered by the set to be
+.I n
+degrees wider, and collect all the objects in that area.
+If
+.I n
+is zero,
+.I expand
+collects all objects in the patches that cover the current set.
+.TP
+.BI astro " option"
+Run
+.IR astro (7)
+with the specified
+.I options
+(to which will be appended
+.BR -p ),
+to discover the positions of the planets.
+.BR Astro 's
+.B -d
+and
+.B -l
+options can be used to set the time and place; by default, it's right now at the coordinates in
+.BR /lib/sky/here .
+Running
+.B astro
+does not change the positions of planets already in the display set,
+so
+.B astro
+may be run multiple times, executing e.g.
+.B "add mars"
+each time, to plot a series of planetary positions.
+.TP
+.BI plot " option"
+Expand and plot the set in a new window on the screen.
+Symbols for NGC objects are as in Sky Atlas 2000.0, except that open clusters
+are shown as stippled disks rather than circles.
+Abell clusters are plotted as a triangle of ellipses.
+The planets are drawn as disks of representative color with the first letter of the name
+in the disk (lower case for inferior planets; upper case for superior);
+the sun, moon, and earth's shadow are unlabeled disks.
+Objects larger than a few pixels are plotted to scale; however,
+.I scat
+does not have the information necessary to show the correct orientation for galaxies.
+.IP
+The option
+.B nogrid
+suppresses the lines of declination and right ascension.
+By default,
+.I scat
+labels NGC objects, Abell clusters, and bright stars; option
+.B nolabel
+suppresses these while
+.B alllabel
+labels stars with their SAO number as well.
+The default size is 512×512; options
+.B dx
+.I n
+and
+.BR dy
+.I n
+set the
+.I x
+and
+.I y
+extent.
+The option
+.B zenithup
+orients the map so it appears as it would in the sky at the time and
+location used by the
+.B astro
+command
+.RI ( q.v. ).
+.IP
+The output is designed to look best on an LCD display.
+CRTs have trouble with the thin, grey lines and dim stars.
+The option
+.B nogrey
+uses white instead of grey for these details, improving visibility
+at the cost of legibility when plotting on CRTs.
+.TP
+.B "plate \f1[[\f2ra dec\f1] \f2rasize\f1 [\f2decsize\f1]]"
+Display the section of the Digitized Sky Survey (plate scale
+approximately 1.7 arcseconds per pixel) centered on the
+given right ascension and declination or, if no position is specified, the
+current set of objects.  The maximum area that will be displayed
+is one degree on a side.  The horizontal and vertical sizes may
+be specified in the usual notation for angles.
+If the second size is omitted, a square region is displayed.
+If no size is specified, the size is sufficient to display the centers
+of all the
+objects in the current set.  If a single object is in the set, the
+500×500 pixel block from the survey containing the center
+of the object is displayed.
+The survey is stored in the CD-ROM juke box; run
+.B 9fs
+.B juke
+before running
+.IR scat .
+.TP
+.BI gamma " value"
+Set the gamma for converting plates to images.  Default is \-1.0.
+Negative values display white stars, positive black.
+The images look best on displays with depth 8 or greater.
+.I Scat
+does not change the hardware color map, which
+should be set externally to a grey scale; try the command
+.B getmap gamma
+(see
+.IR getmap (9.1))
+on an 8-bit color-mapped display.
+.PD
+.SH EXAMPLES
+Plot the Messier objects and naked-eye stars in Orion.
+.EX
+	ori
+	keep m <6
+	plot nogrid
+.EE
+.PP
+Draw a finder chart for Uranus:
+.EX
+	uranus
+	expand 5
+	plot
+.EE
+.PP
+Show a partial lunar eclipse:
+.EX
+	astro -d
+	2000 07 16 12 45
+	moon
+	add shadow
+	expand 2
+	plot
+.EE
+.PP
+Draw a map of the Pleiades.
+.EX
+	"alcyone"
+	expand 1
+	plot
+.EE
+.PP
+Show a pretty galaxy.
+.EX
+	ngc1300
+	plate 10'
+.EE
+.SH FILES
+.B /lib/sky/*.scat
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/cmd/scat
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.IR astro (7)
+.br
+.B /lib/sky/constelnames\ \ 
+the three-letter abbreviations of the constellation names.
+.PP
+The data was provided by the Astronomical Data Center at the NASA Goddard
+Space Flight Center, except for NGC2000.0, which is Copyright © 1988, Sky
+Publishing Corporation, used (but not distributed) by permission.  The Digitized Sky Survey, 102
+CD-ROMs, is not distributed with the system.
author	Jacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>	2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
committer	Jacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>	2026-04-26 16:38:00 -0400
commit	97d5c458cfa039d857301e1ca7d5af3beb37131d (patch)
tree	b460cd850d0537eb71806ba30358840377b27688 /static/plan9-4e/man7
parent	b89dc2331a50c63f8b33272a5c4c61ab98abdaa3 (diff)