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+.\" $OpenBSD: urtw.4,v 1.31 2025/03/27 15:12:14 jmc Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2008 Weongyo Jeong <weongyo@FreeBSD.org>
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+.\" OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: March 27 2025 $
+.Dt URTW 4
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm urtw
+.Nd Realtek RTL8187L/RTL8187B USB IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network device
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Cd "urtw* at uhub? port ?"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+driver supports USB 802.11b/g wireless adapters based on the
+Realtek RTL8187L and RTL8187B.
+.Pp
+These are the modes the
+.Nm
+driver can operate in:
+.Bl -tag -width "IBSS-masterXX"
+.It BSS mode
+Also known as
+.Em infrastructure
+mode, this is used when associating with an access point, through
+which all traffic passes.
+This mode is the default.
+.It monitor mode
+In this mode the driver is able to receive packets without
+associating with an access point.
+This disables the internal receive filter and enables the card to
+capture packets from networks which it wouldn't normally have access to,
+or to scan for access points.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+driver can be configured to use
+Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or
+Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA1 and WPA2).
+WPA2 is currently the most secure encryption standard for wireless networks
+supported by
+.Ox .
+It is strongly recommended that neither WEP nor WPA1
+are used as the sole mechanism to secure wireless communication,
+due to serious weaknesses.
+WPA1 is disabled by default and may be enabled using the option
+.Qq Cm wpaprotos Ar wpa1,wpa2 .
+For standard WPA networks which use pre-shared keys (PSK),
+keys are configured using the
+.Qq Cm wpakey
+option.
+WPA-Enterprise networks require use of the wpa_supplicant package.
+The
+.Nm
+driver relies on the software 802.11 stack for both encryption and decryption
+of data frames.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+driver can be configured at runtime with
+.Xr ifconfig 8
+or on boot with
+.Xr hostname.if 5 .
+.Sh HARDWARE
+The following adapters should work:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent -compact
+.It Alfa AWUS036H
+.It ASUS P5B Deluxe
+.It Belkin F5D7050E
+.It Digitus DN-7003GT
+.It Linksys WUSB54GC v2
+.It Netgear WG111v2
+.It Netgear WG111v3
+.It Shuttle XPC Accessory PN20
+.It Sitecom WL-168 v1
+.It Sitecom WL-168 v4
+.It Surecom EP-9001-g rev 2A
+.It TRENDnet TEW-424UB V3.xR
+.El
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+The following example scans for available networks:
+.Pp
+.Dl # ifconfig urtw0 scan
+.Pp
+The following
+.Xr hostname.if 5
+example configures urtw0 to join network
+.Dq mynwid ,
+using WPA key
+.Dq mywpakey ,
+obtaining an IP address using DHCP:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+join mynwid wpakey mywpakey
+inet autoconf
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr arp 4 ,
+.Xr ifmedia 4 ,
+.Xr intro 4 ,
+.Xr netintro 4 ,
+.Xr usb 4 ,
+.Xr hostname.if 5 ,
+.\".Xr hostapd 8 ,
+.Xr ifconfig 8
+.Pp
+Realtek Semiconductor:
+.Lk https://www.realtek.com/en
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+device driver first appeared in
+.Ox 4.5 .
+.Sh AUTHORS
+The
+.Nm
+driver was written by
+.An Weongyo Jeong Aq Mt weongyo@FreeBSD.org .