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+.\"	$OpenBSD: link.2,v 1.31 2024/07/18 15:38:57 millert Exp $
+.\"	$NetBSD: link.2,v 1.7 1995/02/27 12:34:01 cgd Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)link.2	8.3 (Berkeley) 1/12/94
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: July 18 2024 $
+.Dt LINK 2
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm link ,
+.Nm linkat
+.Nd make hard link to a file
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In unistd.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn link "const char *name1" "const char *name2"
+.In fcntl.h
+.In unistd.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn linkat "int fd1" "const char *name1" "int fd2" "const char *name2" "int flag"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn link
+function atomically creates the specified directory entry (hard link)
+.Fa name2
+with the attributes of the underlying object pointed at by
+.Fa name1 .
+If the link is successful: the link count of the underlying object
+is incremented;
+.Fa name1
+and
+.Fa name2
+share equal access and rights to the underlying object.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fa name1
+is removed, the file
+.Fa name2
+is not deleted and the link count of the underlying object is decremented.
+.Pp
+For the hard link to succeed,
+.Fa name1
+must exist and not be a directory, and both
+.Fa name1
+and
+.Fa name2
+must be in the same file system.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn linkat
+function is equivalent to
+.Fn link
+except that where
+.Fa name1
+or
+.Fa name2
+specifies a relative path,
+the directory entries linked are resolved relative to
+the directories associated with file descriptors
+.Fa fd1
+or
+.Fa fd2
+(respectively) instead of the current working directory.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fn linkat
+is passed the special value
+.Dv AT_FDCWD
+(defined in
+.In fcntl.h )
+in the
+.Fa fd1
+or
+.Fa fd2
+parameter, the current working directory is used for resolving the respective
+.Fa name1
+or
+.Fa name2
+argument.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fa flag
+argument is the bitwise OR of zero or more of the following values:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW -offset indent -compact
+.It Dv AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW
+If
+.Fa name1
+names a symbolic link,
+a new link for the target of the symbolic link is created.
+.El
+.Pp
+If the
+.Dv AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW
+flag is clear and
+.Fa name1
+names a symbolic link, a new link is created for the symbolic link
+.Fa name1
+and not its target.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+.Rv -std
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Fn link
+and
+.Fn linkat
+will fail and no link will be created if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
+A component of either path prefix is not a directory.
+.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
+A component of a pathname exceeded
+.Dv NAME_MAX
+characters, or an entire pathname (including the terminating NUL)
+exceeded
+.Dv PATH_MAX
+bytes.
+.It Bq Er ENOENT
+A component of either path prefix does not exist.
+.It Bq Er EOPNOTSUPP
+The file system containing the file named by
+.Fa name1
+does not support links.
+.It Bq Er EMLINK
+The link count of the file named by
+.Fa name1
+would exceed
+.Dv LINK_MAX .
+.It Bq Er EACCES
+A component of either path prefix denies search permission.
+.It Bq Er EACCES
+The requested link requires writing in a directory with a mode
+that denies write permission.
+.It Bq Er ELOOP
+Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating one of the pathnames.
+.It Bq Er ENOENT
+The file named by
+.Fa name1
+does not exist.
+.It Bq Er EEXIST
+The link named by
+.Fa name2
+does exist.
+.It Bq Er EPERM
+The file named by
+.Fa name1
+is a directory.
+.It Bq Er EPERM
+The file named by
+.Fa name1
+is flagged immutable or append-only.
+.It Bq Er EXDEV
+The link named by
+.Fa name2
+and the file named by
+.Fa name1
+are on different file systems.
+.It Bq Er ENOSPC
+The directory in which the entry for the new link is being placed
+cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file
+system containing the directory.
+.It Bq Er EDQUOT
+The directory in which the entry for the new link
+is being placed cannot be extended because the
+user's quota of disk blocks on the file system
+containing the directory has been exhausted.
+.It Bq Er EIO
+An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to
+the file system to make the directory entry.
+.It Bq Er EROFS
+The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file
+system.
+.It Bq Er EFAULT
+One of the pathnames specified
+is outside the process's allocated address space.
+.El
+.Pp
+Additionally,
+.Fn linkat
+will fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The value of the
+.Fa flag
+argument was neither zero nor
+.Dv AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW .
+.It Bq Er EBADF
+The
+.Fa name1
+or
+.Fa name2
+argument specifies a relative path and the
+.Fa fd1
+or
+.Fa fd2
+argument, respectively, is neither
+.Dv AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
+.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
+The
+.Fa name1
+or
+.Fa name2
+argument specifies a relative path and the
+.Fa fd1
+or
+.Fa fd2
+argument, respectively,
+is a valid file descriptor but it does not reference a directory.
+.It Bq Er EACCES
+The
+.Fa name1
+or
+.Fa name2
+argument specifies a relative path but search permission is denied
+for the directory which the
+.Fa fd1
+or
+.Fa fd2
+file descriptor, respectively, references.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr ln 1 ,
+.Xr readlink 2 ,
+.Xr symlink 2 ,
+.Xr unlink 2
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn link
+and
+.Fn linkat
+functions are expected to conform to
+.St -p1003.1-2008 .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn link
+system call first appeared in
+.At v1 .
+The
+.Fn linkat
+function appeared in
+.Ox 5.0 .