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+.\"	$NetBSD: timed.8,v 1.12 2004/09/28 16:37:08 wiz Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991 Regents of the University of California.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)timed.8	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
+.\"
+.Dd May 11, 1993
+.Dt TIMED 8
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm timed
+.Nd time server daemon
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Op Fl dMt
+.Op Fl F Ar host ...
+.Op Fl G Ar netgroup
+.Op Fl i Ar network | Fl n Ar network
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Nm
+utility is a time server daemon
+which is normally invoked at boot time from the
+.Xr rc 8
+file.
+It synchronizes the host's time with the time of other
+machines, which are also running
+.Nm ,
+in a local area network.
+These time servers will slow down the clocks of some machines
+and speed up the clocks of others to bring them to the average network time.
+The average network time is computed from measurements of clock differences
+using the
+.Tn ICMP
+timestamp request message.
+.Pp
+The following options are available:
+.Bl -tag -width indent
+.It Fl d
+Enable debugging mode;
+do not detach from the terminal.
+.It Fl F Ar host ...
+Create a list of trusted hosts.
+The
+.Nm
+utility will only accept trusted hosts as masters.
+If it finds an untrusted host claiming to be master,
+.Nm
+will suppress incoming messages from that host
+and call for a new election.
+This option implies the
+.Fl M
+option.
+If this option is not specified,
+all hosts on the connected networks are treated as trustworthy.
+.It Fl G Ar netgroup
+Specify a netgroup of trustworthy hosts,
+in addition to any masters specified with the
+.Fl M
+flag.
+This option may only be specified once.
+.It Fl i Ar network
+Add
+.Ar network
+to the list of networks to ignore.
+All other networks
+to which the machine is directly connected
+are used by
+.Nm .
+This option may be specified multiple times
+to add more than one network to the list.
+.It Fl M
+Allow this host to become a
+.Nm
+master if necessary.
+.It Fl n Ar network
+Add
+.Ar network
+to the list of allowed networks.
+All other networks
+to which the machine is directly connected
+are ignored by
+.Nm .
+This option may be specified multiple times
+to add more than one network to the list.
+.It Fl t
+Enable tracing of received messages
+and log to the file
+.Pa /var/log/timed.log .
+Tracing can be turned on or off while
+.Nm
+is running with the
+.Xr timedc 8
+utility.
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl n
+and
+.Fl i
+flags are mutually exclusive
+and require as arguments real networks to which
+the host is connected
+(see
+.Xr networks 5 ) .
+If neither flag is specified,
+.Nm
+will listen on all connected networks.
+.Pp
+A
+.Nm
+running without the
+.Fl M
+nor
+.Fl F
+flags will always remain a slave.
+If the
+.Fl F
+flag is not used,
+.Nm
+will treat all machines as trustworthy.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+utility is based on a master-slave
+scheme.
+When
+.Nm
+is started on a machine, it asks the master for the network time
+and sets the host's clock to that time.
+After that, it accepts synchronization messages periodically sent by
+the master and calls
+.Xr adjtime 2
+to perform the needed corrections on the host's clock.
+.Pp
+It also communicates with
+.Xr date 1
+in order to set the date globally,
+and with
+.Xr timedc 8 ,
+a
+.Nm
+control utility.
+If the machine running the master becomes unreachable,
+the slaves will elect a new master
+from among those slaves
+which are running with at least one of the
+.Fl M
+and
+.Fl F
+flags.
+.Pp
+At startup
+.Nm
+normally checks for a master time server on each network to which
+it is connected, except as modified by the
+.Fl n
+and
+.Fl i
+options described above.
+It will request synchronization service from the first master server
+located.
+If permitted by the
+.Fl M
+or
+.Fl F
+flags, it will provide synchronization service on any attached networks
+on which no trusted master server was detected.
+Such a server propagates the time computed by the top-level master.
+The
+.Nm
+utility will periodically check for the presence of a master
+on those networks for which it is operating as a slave.
+If it finds that there are no trusted masters on a network,
+it will begin the election process on that network.
+.Pp
+One way to synchronize a group of machines is to use
+.Xr ntpd 8
+to
+synchronize the clock of one machine to a distant standard or a radio
+receiver and
+.Fl F Ar hostname
+to tell its
+.Nm
+to trust only itself.
+.Pp
+Messages printed by the kernel on the system console occur with
+interrupts disabled.
+This means that the clock stops while they are printing.
+A machine with many disk or network hardware problems and consequent
+messages cannot keep good time by itself.
+Each message typically causes
+the clock to lose a dozen milliseconds.
+A time daemon can correct the result.
+.Pp
+Messages in the system log about machines that failed to respond
+usually indicate machines that crashed or were turned off.
+Complaints about machines that failed to respond to initial time
+settings are often associated with
+.Dq multi-homed
+machines that looked for time masters on more than one network and eventually
+chose to become a slave on the other network.
+.Sh WARNINGS
+Temporal chaos will result if two or more time daemons attempt
+to adjust the same clock.
+If both
+.Nm
+and another time daemon are run on the same machine,
+ensure that the
+.Fl F
+flag is used, so that
+.Nm
+never attempts to adjust the local clock.
+.Pp
+The protocol is based on
+.Tn UDP/IP
+broadcasts.
+All machines within the range of a broadcast that are using the
+.Tn TSP
+protocol must cooperate.
+There cannot be more than a single administrative domain using the
+.Fl F
+flag among all machines reached by a broadcast packet.
+Failure to follow this rule is usually indicated by complaints concerning
+.Dq untrusted
+machines in the system log.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /var/log/timed.masterlog -compact
+.It Pa /var/log/timed.log
+tracing file for
+.Nm
+.It Pa /var/log/timed.masterlog
+log file for master
+.Nm
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr date 1 ,
+.Xr adjtime 2 ,
+.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
+.Xr icmp 4 ,
+.Xr netgroup 5 ,
+.Xr networks 5 ,
+.Xr ntpd 8 ,
+.Xr timedc 8
+.Rs
+.%T "TSP: The Time Synchronization Protocol for UNIX 4.3BSD"
+.%A R. Gusella
+.%A S. Zatti
+.Re
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+utility appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 .