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+.\"	$NetBSD: boot.8,v 1.33 2020/08/29 13:32:27 fcambus Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)boot_sparc.8	8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94
+.\"
+.Dd June 17, 2006
+.Dt BOOT 8 sparc
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm boot
+.Nd
+system bootstrapping procedures
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm boot
+.Op Fl adqsv
+.Oo
+.Ar --
+.Aq Ar boot string
+.Oc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Ss Power fail and crash recovery
+Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
+An automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed
+as described in
+.Xr fsck 8 ,
+and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
+.Ss Cold starts
+The
+.Tn Sun
+boot firmware, either old-style or new-style (Open Boot Prom),
+performs a Power On Self Test
+.Pq Tn POST ,
+and then will boot an operating system according to
+configuration in Open Firmware environment variables.
+.Ss Boot program options
+.Bl -tag -width xxx
+.It Fl a
+Prompt for the root file system device, the system crash dump
+device, and the path to
+.Xr init 8 .
+.It Fl d
+Bring the system up in debug mode.
+Here it waits for a kernel debugger connect; see
+.Xr gdb 1 .
+.It Fl C
+Boot kernel in compat mode.
+Starting with revision 1.14
+.Pq introduced on 2003/03/01 ,
+the sparc boot program loads the
+.Nx
+kernel at its linked virtual address.
+This feature requires a kernel built after 2003/02/21
+.Pq corresponding to kernel version 1.6Q .
+To load older kernels, the
+.Fl C
+option must be used, which loads the kernel at physical address
+0x4000.
+The size of a kernel loaded in this way is limited to approximately
+3MB.
+.It Fl q
+Boot the system in quiet mode.
+.It Fl s
+Bring the system up in single-user mode.
+.It Fl v
+Boot the system in verbose mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+Any extra flags or arguments, or the
+.Aq Ar boot string
+after the -- separator are passed to the boot PROM.
+Other flags are currently ignored.
+.Pp
+The SPARC boot ROM comes in two flavours: an
+.Dq old-style
+ROM is used in sun4 machines, while a
+.Dq new-style
+ROM can be found on sun4c and sun4m models.
+The
+.Dq new-style
+SPARC boot ROM is a full-featured Forth system with emacs key bindings.
+It can be put in
+.Dq old-style
+user-interface compatibility mode (in which case it shows a simple
+.Sq >
+prompt), but this is essentially useless.
+However, by default on sun4c models, the ROM runs in old-mode; to
+enter new-mode type
+.Sq n .
+The ROM then shows a Forth-style
+.Dq ok
+prompt.
+It is recommended to have the ROM always start in its native
+.Dq new-style
+mode.
+Utter the following incantation in new-mode to force the ROM to always start
+in new-mode.
+.Pp
+.Pa \	ok
+setenv sunmon-compat? false
+.Pp
+The ROM will normally load the kernel from
+.Dq sd(0,0,0)vmunix .
+To change the default so that
+.Nx
+will be loaded from somewhere else, type the following
+.Pp
+.Pa \	ok
+setenv boot-from sd(0,0,0)netbsd
+.Pp
+On newer SPARC machines, there are various aliases to access common devices.
+A typical list of usable boot devices (extracted from the output of
+the Open Boot PROM command
+.Ic devalias )
+is:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+floppy         /obio/SUNW,fdtwo
+net-aui        /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010:aui/le@f,c00000
+net-tpe        /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010:tpe/le@f,c00000
+net            /iommu/sbus/ledma@f,400010/le@f,c00000
+disk           /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
+cdrom          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@6,0:d
+tape           /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@4,0
+tape1          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@5,0
+tape0          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/st@4,0
+disk3          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@3,0
+disk2          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@2,0
+disk1          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@1,0
+disk0          /iommu/sbus/espdma@f,400000/esp@f,800000/sd@0,0
+.Ed
+.Pp
+For new-style machines,
+if a device specification includes a partition letter (for example
+.Em cdrom
+in above list), that partition is used by default, otherwise the first (a)
+partition is used.
+If booting from the net device, there is no partition involved.
+.Pp
+At any time you can break back to the ROM by pressing the
+.Sq L1
+and
+.Sq a
+keys at the same time (if the console is a serial port the same is
+achieved by sending a
+.Sq break ) .
+If you do this accidentally you can continue whatever was in progress
+by typing
+.Sq go .
+.Sh OPEN BOOT PROM ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+This section only applies to new-style machines.
+.Pp
+All Open Boot PROM environment variables can be printed with the
+.Ic printenv
+command and changed with the
+.Ic setenv
+command.
+The boot process relevant variables and their suggested value for
+booting
+.Nx
+are:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+auto-boot?            true
+boot-file
+boot-device           disk
+diag-switch?          false
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Of course you may select any other boot device,
+if you do not want to boot from the device aliased to
+.Em disk ,
+see the discussion on devices above.
+.Sh OPEN BOOT PROM ABBREVIATED COMMAND SUMMARY
+This section only applies to new-style machines.
+.Pp
+The following Open Boot PROM commands are related to the boot process:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+boot               boot the system from the default device
+boot device filename arguments
+                   boot the specified device, filename and arguments
+probe-ide          list devices on the primary IDE controller
+probe-ide-all      list devices on all known IDE controllers
+probe-scsi         list devices on the primary SCSI controller
+probe-scsi-all     list devices on all known SCSI controllers
+reset              reset the system
+.Ed
+For disk and tape devices, the boot device is specified as
+.Sq /path/device@target,lun:partition .
+.Sh PROM MONITOR ABBREVIATED COMMAND SUMMARY
+This section only applies to old-style machines.
+.Pp
+The following PROM monitor commands are related to the boot process:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+b       boot the system from the default device
+b device filename arguments
+        boot the specified device, filename and arguments
+b?      list boot device types
+k2      reset the system
+.Ed
+.Pp
+For SCSI disk and tape devices, the boot device is specified as
+.Sq device(controller,unit,partition) ,
+where
+.Sq unit
+is the hexadecimal value of the SCSI id of the target multiplied
+by eight plus the lun, and
+.Sq partition
+is the partition number, starting from 0.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /netbsdxx -compact
+.It Pa /netbsd
+system code
+.It Pa /boot
+system bootstrap
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr crash 8 ,
+.Xr disklabel 8 ,
+.Xr fsck 8 ,
+.Xr halt 8 ,
+.Xr init 8 ,
+.Xr installboot 8 ,
+.Xr rc 8 ,
+.Xr shutdown 8 ,
+.Xr sparc64/boot 8 ,
+.Xr syslogd 8
+.Sh BUGS
+On sun4 machines, the
+.Nx
+sparc boot loader can only boot from RAID partitions that start at the
+beginning of the disk.
+.Pp
+On sun4 and early PROM version sun4c machines, the PROM can only boot from
+the first 1Gb of the disk.
+.Pp
+On later PROM version sun4c and early PROM version sun4m machines, the PROM
+can only boot from the first 2Gb of the disk.
+.Pp
+On later PROM version sun4m machines, the PROM can only boot from the first
+4Gb of the disk.