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authorJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-25 19:55:15 -0400
committerJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-25 19:55:15 -0400
commit253e67c8b3a72b3a4757fdbc5845297628db0a4a (patch)
treeadf53b66087aa30dfbf8bf391a1dadb044c3bf4d /static/netbsd/man4/rd.4
parenta9157ce950dfe2fc30795d43b9d79b9d1bffc48b (diff)
docs: Added All NetBSD Manuals
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+.\" $NetBSD: rd.4,v 1.12 2009/04/12 16:43:05 wiz Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991, 1993
+.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the Systems Programming Group of the University of Utah Computer
+.\" Science Department.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\" without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\" from: @(#)rd.4 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/9/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 9, 1993
+.Dt RD 4 hp300
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm rd
+.Nd
+.Tn CS/80
+disk interface
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Cd "rd* at hpibbus? slave?"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+This is a generic
+.Tn CS/80
+disk driver.
+Only a small number of possible
+.Tn CS/80
+drives are supported,
+but others can easily be added by adding tables to the driver.
+It is a typical block-device driver; see
+.Xr physio 4 .
+.Pp
+The script
+.Xr MAKEDEV 8
+should be used to create the
+.Nm rd
+special files; consult
+.Xr mknod 8
+if a special file needs to be made manually.
+.Sh DISK SUPPORT
+The driver interrogates the controller
+to determine the type of drive attached.
+The driver recognizes the following drives:
+7912, 7914, 7933, 7936, 7937, 7945,
+.Tn 757A/B ,
+.Tn 7958A/B ,
+.Tn 7959B ,
+7962, 7963, 9122, 9134, 7912, 7936,
+and 9122,
+not all of which have been tested.
+Special file names begin with
+.Sq Li rd
+and
+.Sq Li rrd
+for the block and character files respectively.
+The second component of the name, a drive unit number in the range
+of zero to seven, is represented by a
+.Sq Li \&?
+in the disk layouts below.
+The last component of the name is the file system partition and is
+designated by a letter from
+.Sq Li a
+to
+.Sq Li h
+which also corresponds to a minor device number sets: zero to seven,
+eight to 15, 16 to 23 and so forth for drive zero, drive two and drive
+three respectively
+(see
+.Xr physio 4 ) .
+The location and size (in sectors) of the
+partitions for these drives:
+.Bl -hang
+.It Tn 7945/7946 No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 112 15904 1-142
+.It rd?b 16016 20160 143-322
+.It rd?c 0 108416 0-967
+.It rd?d 16016 40320 143-502
+.It rd?e undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?f undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?g 36176 72240 323-967
+.It rd?h 56336 52080 503-967
+.El
+.It Tn 9134D No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 96 15936 1-166
+.It rd?b 16032 13056 167-302
+.It rd?c 0 29088 0-302
+.It rd?d undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?e undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?f undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?g undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?h undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.El
+.It Tn 9122S No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?b undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?c 0 1232 0-76
+.It rd?d undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?e undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?f undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?g undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?h undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.El
+.It Tn 7912P No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 0 15904 0-70
+.It rd?b 16128 22400 72-171
+.It rd?c 0 128128 0-571
+.It rd?d 16128 42560 72-261
+.It rd?e undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?f undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?g 38528 89600 172-571
+.It rd?h 58688 69440 262-571
+.El
+.It Tn 7914CT/P No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 224 15904 1-71
+.It rd?b 16128 40320 72-251
+.It rd?c 0 258048 0-1151
+.It rd?d 16128 64960 72-361
+.It rd?e 81088 98560 362-801
+.It rd?f 179648 78400 802-1151
+.It rd?g 56448 201600 252-1151
+.It rd?h 81088 176960 362-1151
+.El
+.It Tn 7958A No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 252 16128 1-64
+.It rd?b 16380 32256 65-192
+.It rd?c 0 255276 0-1012
+.It rd?d 16380 48384 65-256
+.It rd?e 64764 100800 257-656
+.It rd?f 165564 89712 657-1012
+.It rd?g 48636 206640 193-1012
+.It rd?h 64764 190512 257-1012
+.El
+.It Tn 7957A No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 154 16016 1-104
+.It rd?b 16170 24640 105-264
+.It rd?c 0 159544 0-1035
+.It rd?d 16170 42350 105-379
+.It rd?e 58520 54824 380-735
+.It rd?f 113344 46200 736-1035
+.It rd?g 40810 118734 265-1035
+.It rd?h 58520 101024 380-1035
+.El
+.It Tn 7933H No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 598 16146 1-27
+.It rd?b 16744 66976 28-139
+.It rd?c 0 789958 0-1320
+.It rd?d 83720 16146 140-166
+.It rd?e 99866 165646 167-443
+.It rd?f 265512 165646 444-720
+.It rd?g 83720 706238 140-1320
+.It rd?h 431158 358800 721-1320
+.El
+.It Tn 9134L No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 80 15920 1-199
+.It rd?b 16000 20000 200-449
+.It rd?c 0 77840 0-972
+.It rd?d 16000 32000 200-599
+.It rd?e undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?f undefined Ta "" Ta ""
+.It rd?g 36000 41840 450-972
+.It rd?h 48000 29840 600-972
+.El
+.It Tn 7936H No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 861 16359 1-19
+.It rd?b 17220 67158 20-97
+.It rd?c 0 600978 0-697
+.It rd?d 84378 16359 98-116
+.It rd?e 100737 120540 117-256
+.It rd?f 220416 120540 256-395
+.It rd?g 84378 516600 98-697
+.It rd?h 341817 259161 397-697
+.El
+.It Tn 7937H No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 1599 15990 1-10
+.It rd?b 17589 67158 11-52
+.It rd?c 0 1116102 0-697
+.It rd?d 84747 15990 53-62
+.It rd?e 100737 246246 63-216
+.It rd?f 346983 246246 217-370
+.It rd?g 84747 1031355 53-697
+.It rd?h 593229 522873 371-697
+.El
+.It Tn 7957B/7961B No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 126 16002 1-127
+.It rd?b 16128 32760 128-387
+.It rd?c 0 159894 0-1268
+.It rd?d 16128 49140 128-517
+.It rd?e 65268 50400 518-917
+.It rd?f 115668 44226 918-1268
+.It rd?g 48888 111006 388-1268
+.It rd?h 65268 94626 518-1268
+.El
+.It Tn 7958B/7962B No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 378 16254 1-43
+.It rd?b 16632 32886 44-130
+.It rd?c 0 297108 0-785
+.It rd?d 16632 49140 44-173
+.It rd?e 65772 121716 174-495
+.It rd?f 187488 109620 496-785
+.It rd?g 49518 247590 131-785
+.It rd?h 65772 231336 174-785
+.El
+.It Tn 7959B/7963B No partitions :
+.Bl -column diskx undefined length "xxx-yyyy" -compact
+.It Sy disk start length cyls
+.It rd?a 378 16254 1-43
+.It rd?b 16632 49140 44-173
+.It rd?c 0 594216 0-1571
+.It rd?d 16632 65772 44-217
+.It rd?e 82404 303912 218-1021
+.It rd?f 386316 207900 1022-1571
+.It rd?g 65772 528444 174-1571
+.It rd?h 82404 511812 218-1571
+.El
+.El
+.Pp
+The eight partitions as given support four basic, non-overlapping layouts,
+though not all partitions exist on all drive types.
+.Pp
+In the first layout there are three partitions and a ``bootblock'' area.
+The bootblock area is at the beginning of the disk and holds
+the standalone disk boot program.
+The
+.Pa rd?a
+partition is for the root file system,
+.Pa rd?b
+is a paging/swapping area, and
+.Pa rd?g
+is for everything else.
+.Pp
+The second layout is the same idea,
+but has a larger paging/swapping partition
+.Pq Pa rd?d
+and
+a smaller ``everything else'' partition
+.Pq Pa rd?h .
+This layout is better for environments which run many large processes.
+.Pp
+The third layout is a variation of the second,
+but breaks the
+.Pa rd?h
+partition into two partitions,
+.Pa rd?e
+and
+.Pa rd?f .
+.Pp
+The final layout is intended for a large, single file system second disk.
+It is also used when writing out the boot program since it is the only
+partition mapping the bootblock area.
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width /dev/rrd[0-7][a-h] -compact
+.It Pa /dev/rd[0-7][a-h]
+block files
+.It Pa /dev/rrd[0-7][a-h]
+raw files
+.El
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+.Bl -diag
+.It "rd%d err: v%d u%d, R0x%x F0x%x A0x%x I0x%x, block %d"
+An unrecoverable data error occurred during transfer of the
+specified block on the specified disk.
+.El
+.Sh BUGS
+The current disk partitioning is totally bogus.
+.Tn CS/80
+drives have 256 byte sectors which are mapped to 512 byte
+``sectors'' by the driver.
+Since some
+.Tn CS/80
+drives have an odd number of sectors per cylinder,
+the disk geometry used is not always accurate.
+.Pp
+The partition tables for the file systems should be read off of each pack,
+as they are never quite what any single installation would prefer,
+and this would make packs more portable.
+.Pp
+A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its
+present reduced form) is needed.