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+.\"	$NetBSD: pci.4,v 1.129 2025/04/15 22:33:39 nia Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Jason R. Thorpe.  All rights reserved.
+.\" Copyright (c) 1997 Jonathan Stone
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+.\"    must display the following acknowledgements:
+.\"      This product includes software developed by Jonathan Stone
+.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd April 15, 2025
+.Dt PCI 4
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm pci
+.Nd introduction to machine-independent PCI bus support and drivers
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Cd "pci* at mainbus? bus ?"
+.Cd "pci* at pchb? bus ?"
+.Cd "pci* at ppb? bus ?"
+.Pp
+.Cd options PCIVERBOSE
+.Cd options PCI_CONFIG_DUMP
+.Cd options PCI_ADDR_FIXUP
+.Cd options PCI_BUS_FIXUP
+.Cd options PCI_INTR_FIXUP
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nx
+includes a machine-independent PCI bus subsystem and several
+machine-independent PCI device drivers.
+.Pp
+Your system may support additional PCI devices and attachments.
+Drivers for PCI devices not listed here are machine-dependent.
+Consult your system's
+.Xr intro 4
+for additional information.
+.Sh OPTIONS
+.Bl -tag -width PCI_ADDR_FIXUP -offset 3n
+.It Dv PCI_ADDR_FIXUP
+Fixup PCI I/O and memory addresses.
+.Pp
+Some i386 and amd64 BIOS implementations don't allocate I/O space and
+memory space for some PCI devices \(em primarily BIOS in PnP mode, or laptops
+that expect devices to be configured via ACPI.
+Since necessary space isn't allocated, those devices
+will not work without special handling.
+.Pp
+This option allocates I/O space and memory space
+instead of relying upon the BIOS to do so.
+.Pp
+If necessary space is already correctly assigned to the devices,
+this option leaves the space as is.
+.It Dv PCI_BUS_FIXUP
+Fixup PCI bus numbering; needed for many
+.Xr cardbus 4
+bridges.
+.Pp
+Each PCI bus and CardBus should have a unique bus number.
+But some BIOS implementations don't assign a bus number
+for subordinate PCI buses.
+And many BIOS implementations
+don't assign a bus number for CardBuses.
+.Pp
+A typical symptom of this is the following boot message:
+.D1 Sy cardbus0 at cardslot0: bus 0 device 0...
+Please note that this cardbus0 has a bus number
+.Sq 0 ,
+but normally the bus number 0 is used by the machine's
+primary PCI bus.
+Thus, this bus number for cardbus is incorrect
+.Pq not assigned .
+In this situation, a device located in cardbus0 doesn't
+show correct device ID,
+because its bus number 0 incorrectly refers to the primary
+PCI bus, and a device ID in the primary PCI bus is shown
+in the boot message instead of the device's ID in the cardbus0.
+.Pp
+This option assigns bus numbers for all subordinate
+PCI buses and CardBuses.
+.Pp
+Since this option renumbers all PCI buses and CardBuses,
+all bus numbers of subordinate buses become different
+when this option is enabled.
+.It Dv PCI_INTR_FIXUP
+Fixup PCI interrupt routing via PCIBIOS or ACPI.
+.Pp
+Some i386 and amd64 BIOS implementations don't assign an interrupt for
+some devices.
+.Pp
+This option assigns an interrupt for such devices instead
+of relying upon the BIOS to do so.
+.Pp
+If a valid interrupt has already been assigned to a device, this
+option leaves the interrupt as is.
+.El
+.Sh HARDWARE
+.Nx
+includes machine-independent PCI drivers, sorted by device type and driver name:
+.Ss SCSI interfaces
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr ahc 4
+Adaptec 29xx, 39xx, and other AIC-7xxx-based SCSI
+interfaces.
+.It Xr adv 4
+Advansys SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr adw 4
+Advansys Ultra Wide SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr bha 4
+Buslogic BT-9xx SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr dpt 4
+DPT SmartCache/SmartRAID III and IV SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr esiop 4
+Enhanced Symbios Logic/NCR 53c8xx SCSI controllers.
+.It Xr iha 4
+Initio INIC-940/950 SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr isp 4
+QLogic ISP-1020, ISP-1040, and ISP-2100 SCSI and FibreChannel interfaces.
+.It Xr mfi 4
+LSI Logic & Dell MegaRAID SAS RAID controllers.
+.It Xr mly 4
+Mylex AcceleRAID and eXtremeRAID controllers with v6 firmware.
+.It Xr mpii 4
+LSI Logic Fusion-MPT Message Passing Interface II SAS controllers.
+.It Xr mpt 4
+LSI Logic Fusion-MPT SCSI/Fibre Channel/SAS controllers.
+.It Xr nca 4
+Domex 536 SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr njs 4
+Workbit NinjaSCSI-32 PCI/CardBus SCSI controllers.
+.It Xr pcscp 4
+Advanced Micro Devices Am53c974 PCscsi-PCI SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr siop 4
+Symbios Logic/NCR 53c8xx-family SCSI interfaces.
+.It Xr trm 4
+Tekram TRM-S1040 ASIC based SCSI interfaces.
+.El
+.Ss Storage controllers
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr aac 4
+The Adaptec AAC family of RAID controllers.
+.It Xr acardide 4
+Acard IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr aceride 4
+Acer Labs M5229 IDE controllers.
+.It Xr ahcisata 4
+AHCI 1.0 and 1.1 compliant SATA controllers.
+.It Xr amr 4
+The AMI and LSI Logic MegaRAID family of RAID controllers.
+.It Xr arcmsr 4
+Areca Technology Corporation SATA/SAS RAID controllers.
+.It Xr artsata 4
+Intel i31244 Serial ATA disk controllers.
+.It Xr cac 4
+Compaq array controllers.
+.It Xr ciss 4
+HP/Compaq Smart ARRAY 5/6 RAID controllers.
+.It Xr cmdide 4
+CMD Technology and Silicon Image IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr cypide 4
+Cypress 82C693 IDE controllers.
+.It Xr hptide 4
+Triones/Highpoint IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr icp 4
+ICP Vortex GDT and Intel Storage RAID controllers.
+.It Xr iteide 4
+Integrated Technology Express IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr ixpide 4
+ATI Technologies IXP IDE controllers.
+.It Xr jmide 4
+JMicron Technology JMB36x PCIe to SATA II/PATA controllers.
+.It Xr mlx 4
+Mylex DAC960 and DEC SWXCR RAID controllers.
+.It Xr mvsata 4
+Marvell Hercules-I and Hercules-II SATA controllers.
+.It Xr nside 4
+National Semiconductor PC87415 PCI-IDE controllers.
+.It Xr nvme 4
+Non-Volatile Memory (NVM Express) host controllers.
+.It Xr optiide 4
+OPTi IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr pdcide 4
+Promise IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr pdcsata 4
+Promise Serial-ATA disk controllers.
+.It Xr pciide 4
+IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr rtsx 4
+Realtek SD card readers.
+.It Xr satalink 4
+Silicon Image SATALink disk controllers.
+.It Xr schide 4
+Intel SCH IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr siisata 4
+Silicon Image SATA-II controllers.
+.It Xr siside 4
+Silicon Integrated System IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr slide 4
+Symphony Labs and Winbond IDE disk controllers.
+.It Xr stpcide 4
+STMicroelectronics STPC IDE disk controllers
+.It Xr svwsata 4
+Serverworks Serial ATA disk controllers.
+.It Xr twa 4
+3ware Apache RAID controllers.
+.It Xr twe 4
+3Ware Escalade RAID controllers.
+.It Xr viaide 4
+AMD, NVIDIA and VIA IDE disk controllers.
+.El
+.Ss Wired network interfaces
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr age 4
+Attansic L1 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr alc 4
+Atheros AR813x/AR815x/AR816x/AR817x and Killer E2200/2400/2500
+10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ale 4
+Atheros AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 (Attansic L1E) 10/100/1000 Ethernet
+interfaces.
+.It Xr aq 4
+Aquantia AQC multigigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr bce 4
+Broadcom BCM4401 10/100 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr bge 4
+Broadcom BCM57xx/BCM590x 10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr bnx 4
+Broadcom NetXtreme II 10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr cas 4
+Sun Cassini/Cassini+ (GigaSwift) Ethernet devices.
+.It Xr dge 4
+Intel i82597EX PRO/10GbE LR Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ena 4
+Elastic Network Adapter interfaces.
+.It Xr ep 4
+3Com 3c590, 3c595, 3c900, and 3c905 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr epic 4
+SMC83C170 (EPIC/100) Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr eqos 4
+DesignWare Ethernet Quality-of-Service controllers.
+.It Xr et 4
+Agere/LSI ET1310/ET1301 10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ex 4
+3Com 3c900, 3c905, and 3c980 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr fxp 4
+Intel EtherExpress PRO 10+/100B Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr gsip 4
+National Semiconductor DP83820 based Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr hme 4
+Sun Microelectronics STP2002-STQ Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr igc 4
+Intel I225/I226 1Gb/2.5Gb Ethernet devices.
+.It Xr ixg 4
+Intel 82598EB, 82599, X540 and X550 10 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ixl 4
+Intel 700 series Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr jme 4
+JMicron Technologies JMC250/JMC260 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr kse 4
+Micrel 8842/8841 PCI Ethernet controllers.
+.It Xr le 4
+PCNet-PCI Ethernet interfaces.
+Note, the
+.Xr pcn 4
+driver supersedes this driver.
+.It Xr lii 4
+Attansic/Atheros L2 Fast-Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr mcx 4
+Mellanox 5th generation Ethernet devices.
+.It Xr msk 4
+Marvell Yukon 2 based Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ne 4
+NE2000-compatible Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr nfe 4
+NVIDIA nForce Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ntwoc 4
+SDL Communications N2pci and WAN/ic 400 synchronous serial interfaces.
+.It Xr pcn 4
+AMD PCnet-PCI family of Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr re 4
+Realtek 10/100/1000 Ethernet adapters.
+.It Xr rge 4
+Realtek RTL8125-based Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr rtk 4
+Realtek 8129/8139 based Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr sf 4
+Adaptec AIC-6915 10/100 Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr sip 4
+Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900, SiS 7016, and National Semiconductor
+DP83815 based Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr sk 4
+SysKonnect SK-98xx based Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ste 4
+Sundance ST-201 10/100 based Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr stge 4
+Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 based Gigabit Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr ti 4
+Alteon Networks Tigon I and Tigon II Gigabit Ethernet driver.
+.It Xr tl 4
+Texas Instruments ThunderLAN-based Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr tlp 4
+DECchip 21x4x and clone Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr txp 4
+3Com 3XP Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr vge 4
+VIA Networking Technologies VT6122 PCI Gigabit Ethernet adapter driver.
+.It Xr vmx 4
+VMware VMXNET3 virtual Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr vr 4
+VIA VT3043 (Rhine) and VT86C100A (Rhine-II) Ethernet interfaces.
+.It Xr vte 4
+Vortex86 RDC R6040 Fast Ethernet driver.
+.It Xr wm 4
+Intel i8254x Gigabit Ethernet driver.
+.It Xr xge 4
+Neterion Xframe-I LR Ethernet adapters.
+.El
+.Ss Wireless network interfaces
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr an 4
+Aironet 4500/4800 and Cisco 340 series 802.11 interfaces.
+.It Xr atw 4
+ADMtek ADM8211 IEEE 802.11b PCI/CardBus wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr ath 4
+Atheros IEEE 802.11a/b/g wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr athn 4
+Atheros IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr bwi 4
+Broadcom BCM430x/4318 IEEE 802.11b/g wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr bwfm 4
+Broadcom and Cypress FullMAC wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr ipw 4
+Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 MiniPCI network interfaces.
+.It Xr iwi 4
+Intel PRO/Wireless 2200BG and 2915ABG MiniPCI network interfaces.
+.It Xr iwm 4
+Intel Dual Band Wireless AC PCIe Mini Card network interfaces.
+.It Xr iwn 4
+Intel Wireless WiFi Link 4965/5000/1000 and Centrino Wireless-N 1000/2000/6000
+PCIe Mini network interfaces.
+.It Xr malo 4
+Marvell Libertas 88W8335/88W8310/88W8385 802.11b/g wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr ral 4
+Ralink Technology RT2500/RT2600-based 802.11a/b/g wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr rtw 4
+Realtek RTL8180L 802.11b wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr rtwn 4
+Realtek RTL8188CE/RTL8192CE 802.11b/g/n wireless network interfaces.
+.It Xr wi 4
+WaveLAN/IEEE and PRISM-II 802.11 wireless interfaces.
+.It Xr wpi 4
+Intel PRO/Wireless 3945ABG Mini PCI Express network adapters.
+.El
+.Ss Cellular WAN interfaces
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr wwanc 4
+Intel XMM 7360 LTE modem.
+.El
+.Ss Serial interfaces
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr cy 4
+Cyclades Cyclom-4Y, -8Y, and -16Y multi-port serial interfaces.
+.It Xr cz 4
+Cyclades-Z series multi-port serial interfaces.
+.It Xr pcweasel 4
+PC-Weasel serial console board.
+.El
+.Ss Audio devices
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr auacer 4
+Acer Labs M5455 I/O Controller Hub integrated AC'97 audio device.
+.It Xr auich 4
+Intel I/O Controller Hub integrated AC'97 audio device.
+.It Xr auixp 4
+ATI IXP series integrated AC'97 audio device.
+.It Xr autri 4
+Trident 4DWAVE-DX/NX, SiS 7018, ALi M5451 AC'97 audio device.
+.It Xr auvia 4
+VIA VT82C686A integrated AC'97 audio device.
+.It Xr clcs 4
+Cirrus Logic CS4280 audio device.
+.It Xr clct 4
+Cirrus Logic CS4281 audio device.
+.It Xr cmpci 4
+C-Media CMI8x38 audio device.
+.It Xr eap 4
+Ensoniq AudioPCI audio device.
+.It Xr emuxki 4
+Creative Labs SBLive! and PCI 512 audio device.
+.It Xr esa 4
+ESS Technology Allegro-1 / Maestro-3 audio device.
+.It Xr esm 4
+ESS Maestro-1/2/2e PCI AC'97 Audio Accelerator audio device.
+.It Xr eso 4
+ESS Solo-1 PCI AudioDrive audio device.
+.It Xr fms 4
+Forte Media FM801 audio device.
+.It Xr gcscaudio 4
+AMD Geode CS5536 audio device.
+.It Xr hdaudio 4
+High Definition Audio Specification 1.0 device.
+.It Xr neo 4
+NeoMagic MagicMedia 256 audio device.
+.It Xr sv 4
+S3 SonicVibes audio device.
+.It Xr yds 4
+Yamaha YMF724/740/744/754-based audio device.
+.El
+.Ss Video framebuffer devices
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr chipsfb 4
+Chips & Technologies 6555x based framebuffers
+.It Xr genfb 4
+generic framebuffer console driver
+.It Xr igmafb 4
+Intel Graphics Media Accelerator framebuffers
+.It Xr igsfb 4
+IGA 1682 and CyberPro series graphics cards
+.It Xr machfb 4
+ATI Mach64/RAGE framebuffer driver
+.It Xr pm3fb 4
+3Dlabs Permedia 3 / Oxygen VX1 / Proformance 3 framebuffers
+.It Xr r128fb 4
+ATI RAGE 128 framebuffer driver
+.It Xr radeonfb 4
+ATI Radeon framebuffer driver
+.It Xr tdvfb 4
+3Dfx Voodoo Graphics / Voodoo 2 framebuffers
+.It Xr voodoofb 4
+3Dfx Voodoo 3 / Voodoo Banshee framebuffers
+.It Xr vga 4
+VGA graphics boards.
+.El
+.Ss Cryptographic accelerators
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr hifn 4
+Hifn 7751/7951/7811/7955/7956 crypto accelerators.
+.It Xr qat 4
+Intel QuickAssist crypto accelerator.
+.It Xr ubsec 4
+Broadcom and BlueSteel uBsec 5x0x crypto accelerator.
+.El
+.Ss USB host controllers
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr ehci 4
+USB EHCI host controllers.
+.It Xr ohci 4
+USB OHCI host controllers.
+.It Xr uhci 4
+USB UHCI host controllers.
+.It Xr xhci 4
+USB XHCI host controllers.
+.El
+.Ss Bridges
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr cbb 4
+PCI Yenta compatible CardBus bridges.
+.It Xr pceb 4
+Generic PCI-EISA bridges; see
+.Xr eisa 4 .
+.It Xr pcib 4
+Generic PCI-ISA bridges; see
+.Xr isa 4 .
+.It Xr ppb 4
+Generic PCI bridges, including expansion backplanes.
+.El
+.Ss Miscellaneous devices
+.Bl -tag -width pcdisplay(4) -offset indent
+.It Xr coram 4
+Conexant CX23885 based digital video cards.
+.It Xr cxdtv 4
+Conexant CX2388x based digital video cards.
+.It Xr bktr 4
+Brooktree 848 compatible TV cards.
+.It Xr gtp 4
+Gemtek PCI FM radio devices.
+.It Xr ibmcd 4
+IBM 4810 BSP cash drawer ports.
+.It Xr iop 4
+I2O I/O processors.
+.It Xr oboe 4
+Toshiba OBOE IrDA SIR/FIR controller.
+.It Xr pcic 4
+PCMCIA controllers, including the Cirrus Logic GD6729.
+.It Xr puc 4
+PCI
+.Dq universal
+communications cards, containing
+.Xr com 4
+and
+.Xr lpt 4
+communications ports.
+.It Xr virtio 4
+Para-virtualized I/O in a virtual machine.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr pci 3 ,
+.Xr agp 4 ,
+.Xr intro 4 ,
+.Xr pcictl 8 ,
+.Xr pci 9
+.Sh HISTORY
+The machine-independent PCI subsystem appeared in
+.Nx 1.2 .