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+.Dd January 24, 2024
+.Dt SQLITE3_COLUMN_BLOB 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm sqlite3_column_blob ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_double ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_int ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_int64 ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_text ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_text16 ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_value ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_bytes ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_bytes16 ,
+.Nm sqlite3_column_type
+.Nd result values from a query
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In sqlite3.h
+.Ft const void *
+.Fo sqlite3_column_blob
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft double
+.Fo sqlite3_column_double
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft int
+.Fo sqlite3_column_int
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft sqlite3_int64
+.Fo sqlite3_column_int64
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft const unsigned char *
+.Fo sqlite3_column_text
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft const void *
+.Fo sqlite3_column_text16
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft sqlite3_value *
+.Fo sqlite3_column_value
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft int
+.Fo sqlite3_column_bytes
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft int
+.Fo sqlite3_column_bytes16
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Ft int
+.Fo sqlite3_column_type
+.Fa "sqlite3_stmt*"
+.Fa "int iCol"
+.Fc
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+\fBSummary:\fP
+.Bd -ragged
+.Pp
+  \fBsqlite3_column_blob\fP \(-> BLOB result
+  \fBsqlite3_column_double\fP \(-> REAL result
+  \fBsqlite3_column_int\fP \(-> 32-bit INTEGER result
+  \fBsqlite3_column_int64\fP \(-> 64-bit INTEGER result
+  \fBsqlite3_column_text\fP \(-> UTF-8 TEXT result
+  \fBsqlite3_column_text16\fP \(-> UTF-16 TEXT result
+  \fBsqlite3_column_value\fP \(-> The result as an unprotected sqlite3_value
+object.
+       
+  \fBsqlite3_column_bytes\fP \(-> Size of a BLOB or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
+  \fBsqlite3_column_bytes16  \fP  \(->   Size of UTF-16 TEXT in bytes
+  \fBsqlite3_column_type\fP \(-> Default datatype of the result
+.Pp
+.Ed
+.Pp
+\fBDetails:\fP
+.Pp
+These routines return information about a single column of the current
+result row of a query.
+In every case the first argument is a pointer to the prepared statement
+that is being evaluated (the sqlite3_stmt* that was returned
+from
+.Fn sqlite3_prepare_v2
+or one of its variants) and the second argument is the index of the
+column for which information should be returned.
+The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
+The number of columns in the result can be determined using
+.Fn sqlite3_column_count .
+If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if
+the column index is out of range, the result is undefined.
+These routines may only be called when the most recent call to
+.Fn sqlite3_step
+has returned SQLITE_ROW and neither
+.Fn sqlite3_reset
+nor
+.Fn sqlite3_finalize
+have been called subsequently.
+If any of these routines are called after
+.Fn sqlite3_reset
+or
+.Fn sqlite3_finalize
+or after
+.Fn sqlite3_step
+has returned something other than SQLITE_ROW, the results
+are undefined.
+If
+.Fn sqlite3_step
+or
+.Fn sqlite3_reset
+or
+.Fn sqlite3_finalize
+are called from a different thread while any of these routines are
+pending, then the results are undefined.
+.Pp
+The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and
+_text16) each return the value of a result column in a specific data
+format.
+If the result column is not initially in the requested format (for
+example, if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text()
+interface is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion
+is performed.
+.Pp
+The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the datatype code
+for the initial data type of the result column.
+The returned value is one of SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_FLOAT,
+SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_BLOB, or SQLITE_NULL.
+The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
+of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
+The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
+automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.
+After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
+is undefined, though harmless.
+Future versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
+following a type conversion.
+.Pp
+If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the
+size of that BLOB or string.
+.Pp
+If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
+If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
+the string to UTF-8 and then returns the number of bytes.
+If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes() uses
+.Fn sqlite3_snprintf
+to convert that value to a UTF-8 string and returns the number of bytes
+in that string.
+If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes() returns zero.
+.Pp
+If the result is a BLOB or UTF-16 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes16()
+routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
+If the result is a UTF-8 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() converts
+the string to UTF-16 and then returns the number of bytes.
+If the result is a numeric value then sqlite3_column_bytes16() uses
+.Fn sqlite3_snprintf
+to convert that value to a UTF-16 string and returns the number of
+bytes in that string.
+If the result is NULL, then sqlite3_column_bytes16() returns zero.
+.Pp
+The values returned by
+.Fn sqlite3_column_bytes
+and
+.Fn sqlite3_column_bytes16
+do not include the zero terminators at the end of the string.
+For clarity: the values returned by
+.Fn sqlite3_column_bytes
+and
+.Fn sqlite3_column_bytes16
+are the number of bytes in the string, not the number of characters.
+.Pp
+Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text() and sqlite3_column_text16(),
+even empty strings, are always zero-terminated.
+The return value from sqlite3_column_blob() for a zero-length BLOB
+is a NULL pointer.
+.Pp
+Strings returned by sqlite3_column_text16() always have the endianness
+which is native to the platform, regardless of the text encoding set
+for the database.
+.Pp
+\fBWarning:\fP The object returned by
+.Fn sqlite3_column_value
+is an unprotected sqlite3_value object.
+In a multithreaded environment, an unprotected sqlite3_value object
+may only be used safely with
+.Fn sqlite3_bind_value
+and
+.Fn sqlite3_result_value .
+If the unprotected sqlite3_value object returned
+by
+.Fn sqlite3_column_value
+is used in any other way, including calls to routines like
+.Fn sqlite3_value_int ,
+.Fn sqlite3_value_text ,
+or
+.Fn sqlite3_value_bytes ,
+the behavior is not threadsafe.
+Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface is normally only useful
+within the implementation of application-defined SQL functions
+or virtual tables, not within top-level application code.
+.Pp
+These routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
+For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
+is requested,
+.Fn sqlite3_snprintf
+is used internally to perform the conversion automatically.
+The following table details the conversions that are applied:
+.Bd -ragged
+.Pp
+   Internal Type   Requested Type    Conversion
+    NULL      INTEGER     Result is 0
+    NULL       FLOAT      Result is 0.0
+    NULL        TEXT      Result is a NULL pointer
+    NULL        BLOB      Result is a NULL pointer
+   INTEGER     FLOAT      Convert from integer to float
+   INTEGER      TEXT      ASCII rendering of the integer
+   INTEGER      BLOB      Same as INTEGER->TEXT
+    FLOAT     INTEGER     CAST to INTEGER
+    FLOAT       TEXT      ASCII rendering of the float
+    FLOAT       BLOB      CAST to BLOB
+    TEXT      INTEGER     CAST to INTEGER
+    TEXT       FLOAT      CAST to REAL
+    TEXT        BLOB      No change
+    BLOB      INTEGER     CAST to INTEGER
+    BLOB       FLOAT      CAST to REAL
+    BLOB        TEXT      CAST to TEXT, ensure zero terminator
+.Pp
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Note that when type conversions occur, pointers returned by prior calls
+to sqlite3_column_blob(), sqlite3_column_text(), and/or sqlite3_column_text16()
+may be invalidated.
+Type conversions and pointer invalidations might occur in the following
+cases:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The initial content is a BLOB and sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_text16()
+is called.
+A zero-terminator might need to be added to the string.
+.It
+The initial content is UTF-8 text and sqlite3_column_bytes16() or sqlite3_column_text16()
+is called.
+The content must be converted to UTF-16.
+.It
+The initial content is UTF-16 text and sqlite3_column_bytes() or sqlite3_column_text()
+is called.
+The content must be converted to UTF-8.
+.El
+.Pp
+Conversions between UTF-16be and UTF-16le are always done in place
+and do not invalidate a prior pointer, though of course the content
+of the buffer that the prior pointer references will have been modified.
+Other kinds of conversion are done in place when it is possible, but
+sometimes they are not possible and in those cases prior pointers are
+invalidated.
+.Pp
+The safest policy is to invoke these routines in one of the following
+ways:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+sqlite3_column_text() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()
+.It
+sqlite3_column_blob() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes()
+.It
+sqlite3_column_text16() followed by sqlite3_column_bytes16()
+.El
+.Pp
+In other words, you should call sqlite3_column_text(), sqlite3_column_blob(),
+or sqlite3_column_text16() first to force the result into the desired
+format, then invoke sqlite3_column_bytes() or sqlite3_column_bytes16()
+to find the size of the result.
+Do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text() or sqlite3_column_blob()
+with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes16(), and do not mix calls to sqlite3_column_text16()
+with calls to sqlite3_column_bytes().
+.Pp
+The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as described
+above, or until
+.Fn sqlite3_step
+or
+.Fn sqlite3_reset
+or
+.Fn sqlite3_finalize
+is called.
+The memory space used to hold strings and BLOBs is freed automatically.
+Do not pass the pointers returned from
+.Fn sqlite3_column_blob ,
+.Fn sqlite3_column_text ,
+etc.
+into
+.Fn sqlite3_free .
+As long as the input parameters are correct, these routines will only
+fail if an out-of-memory error occurs during a format conversion.
+Only the following subset of interfaces are subject to out-of-memory
+errors:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+sqlite3_column_blob()
+.It
+sqlite3_column_text()
+.It
+sqlite3_column_text16()
+.It
+sqlite3_column_bytes()
+.It
+sqlite3_column_bytes16()
+.El
+.Pp
+If an out-of-memory error occurs, then the return value from these
+routines is the same as if the column had contained an SQL NULL value.
+Valid SQL NULL returns can be distinguished from out-of-memory errors
+by invoking the
+.Fn sqlite3_errcode
+immediately after the suspect return value is obtained and before any
+other SQLite interface is called on the same database connection.
+.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
+These declarations were extracted from the
+interface documentation at line 5041.
+.Bd -literal
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+.Ed
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr sqlite3 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_bind_blob 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_column_count 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_errcode 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_finalize 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_malloc 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_mprintf 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_prepare 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_reset 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_result_blob 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_step 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_stmt 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_value 3 ,
+.Xr sqlite3_value_blob 3 ,
+.Xr SQLITE_INTEGER 3 ,
+.Xr SQLITE_OK 3