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+.\" $NetBSD: limits.3,v 1.2 2011/08/29 16:56:32 njoly Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2011 Jukka Ruohonen <jruohonen@iki.fi>
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+.\" by Jukka Ruohonen.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd August 9, 2011
+.Dt LIMITS 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm limits
+.Nd standard limits
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In limits.h
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.In limits.h
+header defines various compile-time and runtime limits.
+These can be grouped into three categories:
+.Bl -enum -offset indent
+.It
+Compile-time limits defined in a header file.
+.It
+Runtime system limits that are not associated with a file or directory; see
+.Xr sysconf 3 .
+.It
+Runtime limits that are associated with a file or directory; see
+.Xr pathconf 2 .
+.El
+.Pp
+The
+.In limits.h
+header has been standardized by at least three entities.
+.Ss ISO Limits
+The limits defined by the
+.St -isoC-99
+standard are all compile-time limits.
+The numerical (integer) limits are:
+.Bl -column -offset indent \
+"Constant   " "  Type             " "either SCHAR_MAX or UCHAR_MAX  "
+.It Sy "Constant" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy " Minimum value"
+.It Dv CHAR_BIT Ta Va char Ta " 8"
+.It Dv SCHAR_MAX Ta Va signed char Ta " 127"
+.It Dv SCHAR_MIN Ta Va signed char Ta "\-127"
+.It Dv UCHAR_MAX Ta Va unsigned char Ta " 255"
+.Pp
+.It Dv INT_MAX Ta Va int Ta " 32767"
+.It Dv INT_MIN Ta Va int Ta "\-32767"
+.It Dv UINT_MAX Ta Va unsigned int Ta " 65535"
+.Pp
+.It Dv SHRT_MIN Ta Va short Ta "\-32767"
+.It Dv SHRT_MAX Ta Va short Ta " 32767"
+.It Dv USHRT_MAX Ta Va unsigned short Ta " 65535"
+.Pp
+.It Dv LONG_MAX Ta Va long int Ta " 2147483647"
+.It Dv LONG_MIN Ta Va long int Ta "\-2147483647"
+.It Dv ULONG_MAX Ta Va unsigned long int Ta " 4294967295"
+.Pp
+.It Dv LLONG_MAX Ta Va long long int Ta " 9223372036854775807"
+.It Dv LLONG_MIN Ta Va long long int Ta "\-9223372036854775807"
+.It Dv ULLONG_MAX Ta Va unsigned long long int Ta " 18446744073709551615"
+.Pp
+.It Dv MB_LEN_MAX Ta - Ta 1
+.El
+.Pp
+All listed limits may vary across machines and operating systems.
+The standard guarantees only that the implementation-defined values are
+equal or greater in absolute value to those shown.
+The values permit a system with 16-bit integers
+using one's complement arithmetic.
+.Pp
+Depending whether the system defines
+.Va char
+as signed or unsigned, the maximum and minimum values are:
+.Bl -column -offset indent \
+"Constant   " "  Type             " "either SCHAR_MAX or UCHAR_MAX  "
+.It Sy "Constant" Ta Sy "Type" Ta Sy "Minimum value"
+.It Dv CHAR_MAX Ta Va char Ta either Dv SCHAR_MAX or Dv UCHAR_MAX
+.It Dv CHAR_MIN Ta Va char Ta either Dv SCHAR_MIN or 0
+.El
+.Pp
+The two special cases,
+.Dv CHAR_BIT
+and
+.Dv MB_LEN_MAX ,
+define the number of bits in
+.Va char
+and the maximum number of bytes in a multibyte character constant,
+respectively.
+.Ss POSIX Limits
+The
+.Dv POSIX.1
+standard specifies numerous limits related to the operating system.
+For each limit, a separate constant prefixed with
+.Dq Dv _POSIX_
+defines the
+.Em lowest
+value that the limit is allowed to have on
+.Em any
+.Tn POSIX
+compliant system.
+For instance,
+.Dv _POSIX_OPEN_MAX
+defines the minimum upper bound permitted by
+.Tn POSIX
+for the number of files that a single process may have open at any time.
+This ensures that a portable program can safely reach these limits without
+prior knowledge about the actual limits used in a particular system.
+.Pp
+As the limits are not necessary invariant,
+.Xr pathconf 2
+and
+.Xr sysconf 3
+should be used to determine the actual value of a limit at runtime.
+The manual pages of these two functions also contain a more detailed
+description of the limits available in
+.Nx .
+.Ss XSI Limits
+Also the X/Open System Interface Extension
+.Pq Dv XSI
+specifies few limits.
+In
+.Nx
+these are limited to
+.Dv LONG_BIT
+(the number of bits in
+.Vt long ) ,
+.Dv WORD_BIT
+(the number of bits in a
+.Dq word ) ,
+and few limits related to
+.Vt float
+and
+.Vt double .
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr getconf 1 ,
+.Xr pathconf 2 ,
+.Xr sysconf 3 ,
+.Xr types 3 ,
+.Xr unistd 3
+.Rs
+.%A Richard W. Stevens
+.%A Stephen A. Rago
+.%B Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment
+.%V Second Edition
+.%D 2005
+.%I Addison-Wesley
+.Re