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+.\"	$NetBSD: getipnodebyname.3,v 1.1.1.2 2012/09/09 16:07:43 christos Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (C) 2009  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+.\"
+.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+.\"
+.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+.\" REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+.\" AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+.\" INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+.\" LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
+.\" OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+.\" PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+.\"
+.\" Id: getipnodebyname.3,v 1.3 2009/01/22 23:49:23 tbox Exp 
+.\"
+.Dd September 17, 1999
+.Dt GETIPNODEBYNAME @LIB_NETWORK_EXT_U@ 
+.Os BSD 4
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm getipnodebyname ,
+.Nm getipnodebyaddr
+.Nd get network host entry
+.br
+.Nm freehostent 
+.Nd free network host entry
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Fd #include <netdb.h>
+.Pp
+.Ft struct hostent *
+.Fn getipnodebyname "const char *name" "int af" "int flags" "int *error"
+.Ft struct hostent *
+.Fn getipnodebyaddr "const void *addr" "size_t len" "int af" "int *error"
+.Ft void
+.Fn freehostent "struct hostent *he"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Fn Getipnodebyname ,
+and
+.Fn getipnodebyaddr
+each return a pointer to a
+.Ft hostent
+structure (see below) describing an internet host
+referenced by name or by address, as the function names indicate.
+This structure contains either the information obtained from the name server,
+or broken-out fields from a line in 
+.Pa /etc/hosts .
+If the local name server is not running, these routines do a lookup in
+.Pa /etc/hosts .
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+struct	hostent {
+	char	*h_name;	/* official name of host */
+	char	**h_aliases;	/* alias list */
+	int	h_addrtype;	/* host address type */
+	int	h_length;	/* length of address */
+	char	**h_addr_list;	/* list of addresses from name server */
+};
+
+#define	h_addr  h_addr_list[0]	/* address, for backward compatibility */
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The members of this structure are:
+.Bl -tag -width "h_addr_list" 
+.It h_name
+Official name of the host.
+.It h_aliases
+A zero-terminated array of alternate names for the host.
+.It h_addrtype
+The type of address being returned.
+.It h_length
+The length, in bytes, of the address.
+.It h_addr_list
+A zero-terminated array of network addresses for the host.
+Host addresses are returned in network byte order.
+.It h_addr
+The first address in 
+.Li h_addr_list ; 
+this is for backward compatibility.
+.El
+.Pp
+This structure should be freed after use by calling
+.Fn freehostent .
+.Pp
+When using the nameserver,
+.Fn getiphostbyaddr
+will search for the named host in each parent domain given in the 
+.Dq Li search
+directive of
+.Xr resolv.conf @FORMAT_EXT@
+unless the name contains a dot
+.Pq Dq \&. .
+If the name contains no dot, and if the environment variable 
+.Ev HOSTALIASES
+contains the name of an alias file, the alias file will first be searched
+for an alias matching the input name.
+See
+.Xr hostname @DESC_EXT@
+for the domain search procedure and the alias file format.
+.Pp
+.Fn Getiphostbyaddr
+can be told to look for IPv4 addresses, IPv6 addresses or both IPv4 and IPv6.
+If IPv4 addresses only are to be looked up then
+.Fa af
+should be set to
+.Dv AF_INET , 
+otherwise it should be set to
+.Dv AF_INET6 .  
+.Pp
+There are three flags that can be set
+.Bl -tag -width "AI_ADDRCONFIG" 
+.It Dv AI_V4MAPPED
+Return IPv4 addresses if no IPv6 addresses are found.
+This flag is ignored unless
+.Fa af
+is
+.Dv AF_INET6 .
+.It Dv AI_ALL
+Return IPv4 addresses as well IPv6 addresses if 
+.Dv AI_V4MAPPED
+is set.
+This flag is ignored unless
+.Fa af
+is
+.Dv AF_INET6 .
+.It Dv AI_ADDRCONFIG
+Only return addresses of a given type if the system has an active interface
+with that type.
+.El
+.Pp
+Also
+.Dv AI_DEFAULT
+is defined to be
+.Dv (AI_V4MAPPED|AI_ADDRCONFIG) .
+.Pp
+.Fn Getipnodebyaddr
+will lookup IPv4 mapped and compatible addresses in the IPv4 name
+space and IPv6 name space
+.Pp
+.Fn Freehostent
+frees the hostent structure allocated be
+.Fn getipnodebyname
+and
+.Fn getipnodebyaddr .
+The structures returned by 
+.Fn gethostbyname ,
+.Fn gethostbyname2 ,
+.Fn gethostbyaddr 
+and
+.Fn gethostent
+should not be passed to
+.Fn freehostent
+as they are pointers to static areas.
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+.Bl -tag -width "HOSTALIASES  " -compact
+.It Ev HOSTALIASES
+Name of file containing 
+.Pq Ar host alias , full hostname
+pairs.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width "HOSTALIASES  " -compact
+.It Pa /etc/hosts
+See
+.Xr hosts @FORMAT_EXT@ .
+.El
+.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
+.Pp
+Error return status from 
+.Fn getipnodebyname
+and
+.Fn getipnodebyaddr
+is indicated by return of a null pointer.
+In this case
+.Ft error
+may then be checked to see whether this is a temporary failure
+or an invalid or unknown host.
+.Ft errno
+can have the following values:
+.Bl -tag -width "HOST_NOT_FOUND  " -offset indent 
+.It Dv NETDB_INTERNAL 
+This indicates an internal error in the library, unrelated to the network
+or name service.
+.Ft errno
+will be valid in this case; see
+.Xr perror @SYSCALL_EXT@ .
+.It Dv HOST_NOT_FOUND
+No such host is known.
+.It Dv TRY_AGAIN 
+This is usually a temporary error
+and means that the local server did not receive
+a response from an authoritative server.
+A retry at some later time may succeed.
+.It Dv NO_RECOVERY 
+Some unexpected server failure was encountered.
+This is a non-recoverable error, as one might expect.
+.It Dv NO_ADDRESS
+The requested name is valid but does not have an IP address; 
+this is not a temporary error.  
+This means that the name is known to the name server but there is no address
+associated with this name.
+Another type of request to the name server using this domain name
+will result in an answer;
+for example, a mail-forwarder may be registered for this domain.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr hosts @FORMAT_EXT@ , 
+.Xr hostname @DESC_EXT@ , 
+.Xr resolver @LIB_NETWORK_EXT@ , 
+.Xr resolver @FORMAT_EXT@ ,
+.Xr gethostbyname @LIB_NETWORK_EXT@ ,
+.Xr RFC2553 .