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+.\"	$NetBSD: getenv.3,v 1.26 2025/05/25 05:44:10 rillig Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
+.\" the American National Standards Committee X3, on Information
+.\" Processing Systems.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     from: @(#)getenv.3	8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
+.\"
+.Dd May 25, 2025
+.Dt GETENV 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm getenv ,
+.Nm getenv_r ,
+.Nm putenv ,
+.Nm setenv ,
+.Nm unsetenv
+.Nd environment variable functions
+.Sh LIBRARY
+.Lb libc
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In stdlib.h
+.Ft char *
+.Fn getenv "const char *name"
+.Ft int
+.Fn getenv_r "const char *name" "char *buf" "size_t len"
+.Ft int
+.Fn setenv "const char *name" "const char *value" "int overwrite"
+.Ft int
+.Fn putenv "char *string"
+.Ft int
+.Fn unsetenv "const char *name"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+These functions set, unset and fetch environment variables from the
+host
+.Em environment list .
+For compatibility with differing environment conventions,
+the
+.Fn getenv
+or
+.Fn getenv_r
+given argument
+.Ar name
+may be appended with an equal sign
+.Dq Li \&= .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn getenv
+function obtains the current value of the environment variable
+.Ar name .
+If the variable
+.Ar name
+is not in the current environment, a
+.Dv NULL
+pointer is returned.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn getenv_r
+function obtains the current value of the environment variable
+.Fa name
+and copies it to
+.Fa buf .
+If
+.Fa name
+is not in the current environment, or the string length of the value of
+.Fa name
+is longer than
+.Fa len
+characters, then \-1 is returned and
+.Va errno
+is set to indicate the error.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn setenv
+function inserts or resets the environment variable
+.Ar name
+in the current environment list.
+If the variable
+.Ar name
+does not exist in the list,
+it is inserted with the given
+.Ar value .
+If the variable does exist, the argument
+.Ar overwrite
+is tested; if
+.Ar overwrite is
+zero, the
+variable is not reset, otherwise it is reset
+to the given
+.Ar value .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn putenv
+function takes an argument of the form
+.Dq name=value
+and it will set the environment variable
+.Dq name
+equal to
+.Dq value
+by altering an existing entry, or creating a new one if an existing
+one does not exist.
+The actual string argument passed to
+.Fn putenv
+will become part of the environment.
+If one changes the string, the environment will also change.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn unsetenv
+function
+deletes all instances of the variable name pointed to by
+.Fa name
+from the list.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The functions
+.Fn getenv_r ,
+.Fn setenv ,
+.Fn putenv ,
+and
+.Fn unsetenv
+return zero if successful; otherwise the global variable
+.Va errno
+is set to indicate the error and a
+\-1 is returned.
+.Pp
+If
+.Fn getenv
+is successful, the string returned should be considered read-only.
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The
+.Fa name
+argument to
+.Fn setenv
+or
+.Fn unsetenv
+is a null pointer, points to an empty string, or points to a string
+containing an
+.Dq Li \&=
+character.
+The
+.Fa value
+argument to
+.Fn setenv
+is a null pointer.
+The
+.Fa string
+argument to
+.Fn putenv
+is a null pointer, or points to a string that either starts with a
+.Dq Li \&=
+character or does not contain one at all.
+.It Bq Er ENOMEM
+The function
+.Fn setenv
+or
+.Fn putenv
+failed because they were unable to allocate memory for the environment.
+.El
+.Pp
+The function
+.Fn getenv_r
+can return the following errors:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er ENOENT
+The variable
+.Fa name
+was not found in the environment.
+.It Bq Er ERANGE
+The value of the named variable is too long to fit in the supplied buffer.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr csh 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr environ 7
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn getenv
+function conforms to
+.St -ansiC .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn putenv
+function conforms to
+.St -xpg4 .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn setenv
+and
+.Fn unsetenv
+functions conform to
+.St -p1003.1-2001 .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The functions
+.Fn setenv
+and
+.Fn unsetenv
+appeared in
+.At v7 .
+The
+.Fn putenv
+function appeared in
+.Bx 4.3 Reno .