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+.\"	$NetBSD: affinity.3,v 1.10 2025/02/25 10:15:41 riastradh Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 2008 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+.\" by Mindaugas Rasiukevicius <rmind at NetBSD org>.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd February 21, 2025
+.Dt AFFINITY 3
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm pthread_setaffinity_np ,
+.Nm pthread_getaffinity_np
+.Nd affinity of threads
+.Sh LIBRARY
+.Lb libpthread
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In pthread.h
+.In sched.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn pthread_setaffinity_np "pthread_t thread" "size_t size" "cpuset_t *set"
+.Ft int
+.Fn pthread_getaffinity_np "pthread_t thread" "size_t size" "cpuset_t *set"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+Thread affinity allows to run the thread on specified CPU or CPUs only.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn pthread_setaffinity_np
+function sets the affinity mask
+.Fa set
+for
+.Fa thread .
+At least one valid CPU must be set in the mask.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fn pthread_getaffinity_np
+function gets the affinity mask of
+.Fa thread
+into
+.Fa set .
+Note that
+.Fa set
+must be created and initialized using the
+.Xr cpuset 3
+functions.
+.Sh IMPLEMENTATION NOTES
+Setting CPU
+.Nm
+requires super-user privileges.
+Ordinary users can be allowed to control CPU affinity
+of their threads via the
+.Pa security.models.extensions.user_set_cpu_affinity
+.Xr sysctl 7 .
+See
+.Xr secmodel_extensions 9 .
+.Pp
+Portable applications should not use the
+.Fn pthread_setaffinity_np
+and
+.Fn pthread_getaffinity_np
+functions.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+The
+.Fn pthread_setaffinity_np
+and
+.Fn pthread_getaffinity_np
+functions return 0 on success.
+Otherwise, an error number is returned to indicate the error.
+.Sh EXAMPLES
+An example of code fragment, which sets the affinity for the current
+thread to the CPU whose ID is 0:
+.Bd -literal
+	cpuset_t *cset;
+	pthread_t pth;
+	cpuid_t ci;
+	int error;
+
+	cset = cpuset_create();
+	if (cset == NULL) {
+		err(EXIT_FAILURE, "cpuset_create");
+	}
+	ci = 0;
+	cpuset_set(ci, cset);
+
+	pth = pthread_self();
+	error = pthread_setaffinity_np(pth, cpuset_size(cset), cset);
+	if (error) {
+		errc(EXIT_FAILURE, error, "pthread_setaffinity_np failed");
+	}
+	cpuset_destroy(cset);
+.Ed
+.Sh COMPATIBILITY
+Both functions are non-standard extensions.
+.Sh ERRORS
+Both functions may fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The specified
+.Fa set
+was invalid.
+.It Bq Er EPERM
+The calling process lacks the appropriate privileges to perform
+the operation.
+.It Bq Er ESRCH
+No thread could be found corresponding to the one specified by
+.Fa thread .
+.El
+.Sh NOTES
+There is an alternative processor sets interface, see
+.Xr pset 3 .
+However, thread affinity and processor sets are mutually exclusive,
+hence mixing of these interfaces is prohibited.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr cpuset 3 ,
+.Xr pset 3 ,
+.Xr pthread_getschedparam 3 ,
+.Xr pthread_setschedparam 3 ,
+.Xr sched 3 ,
+.Xr schedctl 8