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+.\"	$NetBSD: semctl.2,v 1.22 2026/01/02 22:22:22 nia Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Frank van der Linden
+.\" All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+.\"    derived from this software without specific prior written permission
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.Dd August 25, 1999
+.Dt SEMCTL 2
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm semctl
+.Nd semaphore control operations
+.Sh LIBRARY
+.Lb libc
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In sys/sem.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn semctl "int semid" "int semnum" "int cmd" "..."
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The
+.Fn semctl
+system call provides a number of control operations on the semaphore specified
+by
+.Fa semnum
+and
+.Fa semid .
+The operation to be performed is specified in
+.Fa cmd
+(see below).
+The fourth argument is optional and depends upon the operation requested.
+If required, it is a union of the following fields:
+.Bd -literal
+    int     val;            /* value for SETVAL */
+    struct  semid_ds *buf;  /* buffer for IPC_{STAT,SET} */
+    u_short *array;         /* array for GETALL & SETALL */
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Sy semid_ds
+structure used in the
+.Dv IPC_SET
+and
+.Dv IPC_STAT
+commands is defined in
+.In sys/sem.h
+and contains the following members:
+.Bd -literal
+    struct ipc_perm sem_perm; /* operation permissions */
+    unsigned short sem_nsems; /* number of sems in set */
+    time_t sem_otime;         /* last operation time */
+    time_t sem_ctime;         /* last change time */
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Sy ipc_perm
+structure used inside the
+.Sy semid_ds
+structure is defined in
+.In sys/ipc.h
+and contains the following members:
+.Bd -literal
+    uid_t cuid;  /* creator user id */
+    gid_t cgid;  /* creator group id */
+    uid_t uid;	 /* user id */
+    gid_t gid;	 /* group id */
+    mode_t mode; /* permission (lower 9 bits) */
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Fn semctl
+provides the following operations:
+.Bl -tag -width IPC_RMIDX
+.It Dv GETVAL
+Return the value of the semaphore.
+.It Dv SETVAL
+Set the value of the semaphore to
+.Fa arg.val ,
+where
+.Fa arg
+is the fourth argument to
+.Fn semctl .
+.It Dv GETPID
+Return the pid of the last process that did an operation on this semaphore.
+.It Dv GETNCNT
+Return the number of processes waiting to acquire the semaphore.
+.It Dv GETZCNT
+Return the number of processes waiting for the value of the semaphore to
+reach 0.
+.It Dv GETALL
+Return the values of all the semaphores associated with
+.Fa semid .
+.It Dv SETALL
+Set the values of all the semaphores that are associated with the semaphore
+identifier
+.Fa semid
+to the corresponding values in
+.Fa arg.array ,
+where
+.Fa arg
+is the fourth argument to
+.Fn semctl .
+.It Dv IPC_STAT
+Gather information about a semaphore and place the information in the
+structure pointed to by
+.Fa arg.buf ,
+where
+.Fa arg
+is the fourth argument to
+.Fn semctl .
+.It Dv IPC_SET
+Set the value of the
+.Va sem_perm.uid ,
+.Va sem_perm.gid
+and
+.Va sem_perm.mode
+fields in the structure associated with the semaphore.
+The values are taken from the corresponding fields in the structure
+pointed to by
+.Fa arg.buf ,
+there
+.Fa arg
+is the fourth argument to
+.Fn semctl .
+This operation can only be executed by the super-user, or a process that
+has an effective user id equal to either
+.Va sem_perm.cuid
+or
+.Va sem_perm.uid
+in the data structure associated with the semaphore.
+.It Dv IPC_RMID
+Remove the semaphores associated with
+.Fa semid
+from the system and destroy the data structures associated with it.
+Only the super-user or a process with an effective uid equal to the
+.Va sem_perm.cuid
+or
+.Va sem_perm.uid
+values in the data structure associated with the semaphore can do this.
+.El
+.Pp
+The permission to read or change a semaphore (see
+.Xr semop 2 )
+is determined by the
+.Va sem_perm.mode
+field in the same way as is
+done with files (see
+.Xr chmod 2 ) ,
+but the effective uid can match either the
+.Va sem_perm.cuid
+field or the
+.Va sem_perm.uid
+field, and the
+effective gid can match either
+.Va sem_perm.cgid
+or
+.Va sem_perm.gid .
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+For the
+.Dv GETVAL ,
+.Dv GETPID ,
+.Dv GETNCNT ,
+and
+.Dv GETZCNT
+operations,
+.Fn semctl
+returns one of the values described above if successful.
+All other operations will make
+.Fn semctl
+return 0 if no errors occur.
+Otherwise \-1 is returned and
+.Va errno
+set to reflect the error.
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Fn semctl
+will fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EACCES
+The caller has no operation permission for this semaphore.
+.It Bq Er EFAULT
+.Fa arg.buf
+or
+.Fa arg.array
+specifies an invalid address.
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+.Fa semid
+is not a valid message semaphore identifier.
+.Pp
+.Va cmd
+is not a valid command.
+.It Bq Er EPERM
+.Fa cmd
+is equal to
+.Dv IPC_SET
+or
+.Dv IPC_RMID
+and the caller is not the super-user, nor does
+the effective uid match either the
+.Va sem_perm.uid
+or
+.Va sem_perm.cuid
+fields of the data structure associated with the semaphore.
+.It Bq Er ERANGE
+.Fa cmd
+is equal to
+.Dv SETVAL
+or
+.Dv SETALL
+and the value to be set is greater than the system semaphore maximum value.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr semget 2 ,
+.Xr semop 2
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Nm
+system call conforms to
+.St -xsh5 .
+.Sh HISTORY
+Semaphores appeared in the first release of
+.At V .