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+.\"	$NetBSD: chmod.2,v 1.49 2021/11/19 23:51:16 wiz Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)chmod.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
+.\"
+.Dd November 20, 2021
+.Dt CHMOD 2
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm chmod ,
+.Nm lchmod ,
+.Nm fchmod ,
+.Nm fchmodat
+.Nd change mode of file
+.Sh LIBRARY
+.Lb libc
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In sys/stat.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn chmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
+.Ft int
+.Fn lchmod "const char *path" "mode_t mode"
+.Ft int
+.Fn fchmod "int fd" "mode_t mode"
+.In sys/stat.h
+.In fcntl.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn fchmodat "int fd" "const char *path" "mode_t mode" "int flag"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The function
+.Fn chmod
+sets the file permission bits
+of the file
+specified by the pathname
+.Fa path
+to
+.Fa mode .
+.Fn fchmod
+sets the permission bits of the specified
+file descriptor
+.Fa fd .
+.Fn lchmod
+is like
+.Fn chmod
+except in the case where the named file is a symbolic link,
+in which case
+.Fn lchmod
+sets the permission bits of the link,
+while
+.Fn chmod
+sets the bits of the file the link references.
+.Pp
+.Fn fchmodat
+works the same way as
+.Fn chmod
+(or
+.Fn lchmod
+if
+.Dv AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
+is set in
+.Fa flag )
+except if
+.Fa path
+is relative.
+In that case, it is looked up from a directory whose file
+descriptor was passed as
+.Fa fd .
+Search permission is required on this directory.
+.\"    (These alternatives await a decision about the semantics of O_SEARCH)
+.\" Search permission is required on this directory
+.\" except if
+.\" .Fa fd
+.\" was opened with the
+.\" .Dv O_SEARCH
+.\" flag.
+.\"    - or -
+.\" This file descriptor must have been opened with the
+.\" .Dv O_SEARCH
+.\" flag.
+.Fa fd
+except if that file descriptor was opened with the
+.Dv O_SEARCH
+flag.
+.Fa fd
+can be set to
+.Dv AT_FDCWD
+in order to specify the current directory.
+.Pp
+.Fn chmod
+verifies that the process owner (user) either owns
+the file specified by
+.Fa path
+(or
+.Fa fd ) ,
+or
+is the super-user.
+A mode is created from
+.Em or'd
+permission bit masks
+defined in
+.In sys/stat.h :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent -compact
+#define S_IRWXU 0000700    /* RWX mask for owner */
+#define S_IRUSR 0000400    /* R for owner */
+#define S_IWUSR 0000200    /* W for owner */
+#define S_IXUSR 0000100    /* X for owner */
+
+#define S_IRWXG 0000070    /* RWX mask for group */
+#define S_IRGRP 0000040    /* R for group */
+#define S_IWGRP 0000020    /* W for group */
+#define S_IXGRP 0000010    /* X for group */
+
+#define S_IRWXO 0000007    /* RWX mask for other */
+#define S_IROTH 0000004    /* R for other */
+#define S_IWOTH 0000002    /* W for other */
+#define S_IXOTH 0000001    /* X for other */
+
+#define S_ISUID 0004000    /* set user id on execution */
+#define S_ISGID 0002000    /* set group id on execution */
+#define S_ISVTX 0001000    /* sticky bit */
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The mode
+.Dv ISVTX
+(the
+.Sq sticky bit )
+can be set on regular files, but has no effect.
+For historical reasons this can be done only by the super-user.
+.Pp
+If mode
+.Dv ISVTX
+(the
+.Sq sticky bit )
+is set on a directory,
+an unprivileged user may not delete or rename
+files of other users in that directory.
+The sticky bit may be set by any user on a directory which the user
+owns or has appropriate permissions.
+.Pp
+For more information about the history and properties of the sticky bit, see
+.Xr sticky 7 .
+.Pp
+Changing the owner of a file
+turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits;
+writing to a file
+turns off the set-user-id and set-group-id bits
+unless the user is the super-user.
+This makes the system somewhat more secure
+by protecting set-user-id (set-group-id) files
+from remaining set-user-id (set-group-id) if they are modified,
+at the expense of a degree of compatibility.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+.Rv -std chmod lchmod fchmod fchmodat
+.Sh ERRORS
+.Fn chmod ,
+.Fn lchmod
+and
+.Fn fchmodat
+will fail and the file mode will be unchanged if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EACCES
+Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
+.It Bq Er EFAULT
+.Fa path
+points outside the process's allocated address space.
+.It Bq Er EFTYPE
+The effective user ID is not the super-user, the
+.Fa mode
+includes the sticky bit
+.Pq Dv S_ISVTX ,
+and
+.Fa path
+does not refer to a directory.
+.It Bq Er EIO
+An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
+.It Bq Er ELOOP
+Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
+.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
+A component of a pathname exceeded
+.Brq Dv NAME_MAX
+characters, or an entire path name exceeded
+.Brq Dv PATH_MAX
+characters.
+.It Bq Er ENOENT
+The named file does not exist.
+.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
+A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
+.It Bq Er EPERM
+The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
+the effective user ID is not the super-user; or
+the mode includes the setgid bit
+.Pq Dv S_ISGID
+but the file's group is neither the effective group ID nor is it in the
+group access list.
+.It Bq Er EROFS
+The named file resides on a read-only file system.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition,
+.Fn fchmodat
+will fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EBADF
+.Fa path
+does not specify an absolute path and
+.Fa fd
+is neither
+.Dv AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor open for reading or searching.
+.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
+.Fa path
+is not an absolute path and
+.Fa fd
+is a file descriptor associated with a non-directory file.
+.El
+.Pp
+.Fn fchmod
+will fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EBADF
+The descriptor is not valid.
+.It Bq Er EFTYPE
+The effective user ID is not the super-user, the
+.Fa mode
+includes the sticky bit
+.Pq Dv S_ISVTX ,
+and
+.Fa fd
+does not refer to a directory.
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+.Fa fd
+refers to a socket, not to a file.
+.It Bq Er EIO
+An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
+.It Bq Er EPERM
+The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file and
+the effective user ID is not the super-user; or
+the mode includes the setgid bit
+.Pq Dv S_ISGID
+but the file's group is neither the effective group ID nor is it in the
+group access list.
+.It Bq Er EROFS
+The file resides on a read-only file system.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr chmod 1 ,
+.Xr chflags 2 ,
+.Xr chown 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr stat 2 ,
+.Xr getmode 3 ,
+.Xr setmode 3 ,
+.Xr sticky 7 ,
+.Xr symlink 7
+.Sh STANDARDS
+The
+.Fn chmod
+function conforms to
+.St -p1003.1-90 .
+The
+.Fn fchmod
+function conforms to
+.St -xpg4.2 .
+The
+.Fn fchmodat
+function conforms to
+.St -p1003.1-2008 .
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn chmod
+function call appeared in
+.At v1 .
+The
+.Fn fchmod
+function call
+appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
+The
+.Fn lchmod
+function call appeared in
+.Nx 1.3 .