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+.\"	$NetBSD: bind.2,v 1.32 2022/06/28 20:24:08 rillig Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)bind.2	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93
+.\"
+.Dd June 28, 2022
+.Dt BIND 2
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm bind
+.Nd bind a name to a socket
+.Sh LIBRARY
+.Lb libc
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.In sys/socket.h
+.Ft int
+.Fn bind "int s" "const struct sockaddr *name" "socklen_t namelen"
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Fn bind
+assigns a name to an unnamed socket.
+When a socket is created
+with
+.Xr socket 2
+it exists in a name space (address family)
+but has no name assigned.
+.Fn bind
+requests that
+.Fa name
+be assigned to the socket.
+.Fa namelen
+indicates the amount of space pointed to by
+.Fa name ,
+in bytes.
+.Sh NOTES
+Binding a name in the
+.Ux
+domain creates a socket in the file
+system that must be deleted by the caller when it is no longer
+needed (using
+.Xr unlink 2 ) .
+.Pp
+The rules used in name binding vary between communication domains.
+Consult the manual entries in section 4 for detailed information.
+.Sh RETURN VALUES
+If the bind is successful, a 0 value is returned.
+A return value of \-1 indicates an error, which is
+further specified in the global
+.Va errno .
+.Sh ERRORS
+The
+.Fn bind
+call will fail if:
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EACCES
+The requested address is protected, and the current user
+has inadequate permission to access it.
+.It Bq Er EADDRINUSE
+The specified address is already in use.
+.It Bq Er EADDRNOTAVAIL
+The specified address is not available from the local machine.
+.It Bq Er EAFNOSUPPORT
+Addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with this socket.
+.It Bq Er EBADF
+.Fa s
+is not a valid descriptor.
+.It Bq Er EFAULT
+The
+.Fa name
+parameter is not in a valid part of the user
+address space.
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The socket is already bound to an address; or
+the family of the socket and that requested in
+.Fa name->sa_family
+are not equivalent.
+.It Bq Er EINVAL
+The socket address length passed was outside the allowable range.
+.It Bq Er ENOTSOCK
+.Fa s
+is not a socket.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following errors are specific to binding names in the
+.Ux
+domain.
+.Bl -tag -width Er
+.It Bq Er EIO
+An I/O error occurred while making the directory entry or allocating the inode.
+.It Bq Er EISDIR
+An empty pathname was specified.
+.It Bq Er ELOOP
+Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
+.It Bq Er ENAMETOOLONG
+A component of a pathname exceeded
+.Brq Dv NAME_MAX
+characters, or an entire path name exceeded
+.Brq Dv PATH_MAX
+characters.
+.It Bq Er ENOENT
+A prefix component of the path name does not exist.
+.It Bq Er ENOTDIR
+A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
+.It Bq Er EROFS
+The name would reside on a read-only file system.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr connect 2 ,
+.Xr getsockname 2 ,
+.Xr listen 2 ,
+.Xr socket 2 ,
+.Xr inet 4 ,
+.Xr inet6 4
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Fn bind
+function call appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .
+.Sh SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
+.Fn bind
+was changed in
+.Nx 1.4
+to prevent the binding of a socket to the same port as an existing
+socket when all of the following is true:
+.Bl -bullet -compact -offset indent
+.It
+either of the existing or new addresses is
+.Li INADDR_ANY ,
+.It
+the uid of the new socket is not root, and
+the uids of the creators of the sockets are different,
+.It
+the address is not a multicast address, and
+.It
+both sockets are not bound to
+.Li INADDR_ANY
+with
+.Li SO_REUSEPORT
+set.
+.El
+.Pp
+This prevents an attack where a user could bind to a port with
+the host's IP address (after setting
+.Li SO_REUSEADDR )
+and
+.Sq steal
+packets destined for a server that bound to the
+same port with
+.Li INADDR_ANY .
+.Pp
+.Fn bind
+was changed in
+.Nx 4.0
+to honor the user's umask when binding sockets in the local domain.
+This was done to match the behavior of other operating systems,
+including
+.Fx ,
+.Ox ,
+and
+Linux, and to improve compatibility with some third-party software.
+Please note that this behavior
+.Em is not portable .
+If you must bind a local socket in a portable and secure way, you need
+to make a directory with tight permissions and then create the socket
+inside it.