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+.\"	$NetBSD: install.1,v 1.50 2025/11/30 00:23:52 dholland Exp $
+.\"
+.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1990, 1993
+.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+.\"
+.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+.\" are met:
+.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+.\"    without specific prior written permission.
+.\"
+.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
+.\"
+.\"     @(#)install.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
+.\"
+.Dd November 29, 2025
+.Dt INSTALL 1
+.Os
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm install
+.Nd install binaries
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Op Fl bcprsUv
+.Op Fl a Ar command
+.Op Fl B Ar suffix
+.Op Fl D Ar destdir
+.Op Fl f Ar flags
+.Op Fl g Ar group
+.Op Fl h Ar hash
+.Op Fl l Ar linkflags
+.Op Fl M Ar metalog
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
+.Op Fl o Ar owner
+.Op Fl S Ar stripflag
+.Op Fl T Ar tags
+.Ar file1 file2
+.Nm
+.Op Fl bcprsU
+.Op Fl a Ar command
+.Op Fl B Ar suffix
+.Op Fl D Ar destdir
+.Op Fl f Ar flags
+.Op Fl g Ar group
+.Op Fl h Ar hash
+.Op Fl l Ar linkflags
+.Op Fl M Ar metalog
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
+.Op Fl o Ar owner
+.Op Fl S Ar stripflag
+.Op Fl T Ar tags
+.Ar file1 ...\&
+.Ar fileN directory
+.Nm
+.Fl d
+.Op Fl pU
+.Op Fl a Ar command
+.Op Fl D Ar destdir
+.Op Fl g Ar group
+.Op Fl M Ar metalog
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
+.Op Fl o Ar owner
+.Op Fl T Ar tags
+.Ar directory ...\&
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+The file(s) are copied
+(or linked if the
+.Fl l
+option is specified) to the target file or directory.
+If the destination is a directory, then the
+.Ar file
+is copied into
+.Ar directory
+with its original filename.
+If the target file already exists, it is
+either renamed to
+.Ar file.old
+if the
+.Fl b
+option is given
+or overwritten
+if permissions allow; an alternate backup suffix may be specified via the
+.Fl B
+option's argument.
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width XsXXstripflagsXX
+.It Fl a Ar command
+Run
+.Ar command
+on the target after installation and stripping
+.Pq Fl s ,
+but before
+ownership, permissions or timestamps are set and before renaming
+.Pq Fl r
+occurs.
+.Ar command
+is invoked via the
+.Xr sh 1
+shell, allowing for a single
+.Fl a
+argument that the shell can then tokenize.
+.It Fl B Ar suffix
+Use
+.Ar suffix
+as the backup suffix if
+.Fl b
+is given.
+If
+.Ar suffix
+contains a '%' sign, a numbered backup will be performed, and the
+%-pattern will be expanded using
+.Xr sprintf 3 ,
+given an integer counter as the backup number.
+The counter used starts from 0, and the first available name resulting
+from the expansion is used.
+.It Fl b
+Backup any existing files before overwriting them by renaming
+them to
+.Ar file.old . See
+.Fl B
+for specifying a different backup suffix.
+.It Fl c
+Copy the file.
+This is the default behavior; the flag is maintained for backwards
+compatibility only.
+.It Fl D Ar destdir
+Specify the
+.Ev DESTDIR
+(top of the file hierarchy) that the items are installed in to.
+If
+.Fl M Ar metalog
+is in use, a leading string of
+.Dq Ar destdir
+will be removed from the file names logged to the
+.Ar metalog .
+This option does not affect where the actual files are installed.
+.It Fl d
+Create directories.
+Missing parent directories are created as required.
+.It Fl f Ar flags
+Specify the target's file flags.
+(See
+.Xr chflags 1
+for a list of possible flags and their meanings.)
+.It Fl g Ar group
+Specify a group.
+.It Fl h Ar hash
+When copying, calculate the digest of the files with
+.Ar hash
+to store in the
+.Fl M Ar metalog .
+Supported digests:
+.Bl -tag -width rmd160 -offset indent
+.It Sy none
+No hash.
+This is the default.
+.It Sy md5
+The MD5 cryptographic message digest.
+.It Sy rmd160
+The RMD-160 cryptographic message digest.
+.It Sy sha1
+The SHA-1 cryptographic message digest.
+.It Sy sha256
+The 256-bits
+.Tn SHA-2
+cryptographic message digest of the file.
+.It Sy sha384
+The 384-bits
+.Tn SHA-2
+cryptographic message digest of the file.
+.It Sy sha512
+The 512-bits
+.Tn SHA-2
+cryptographic message digest of the file.
+.El
+.It Fl l Ar linkflags
+Instead of copying the file make a link to the source.
+The type of the link is determined by the
+.Ar linkflags
+argument.
+Valid
+.Ar linkflags
+are:
+.Ar a
+(absolute),
+.Ar r
+(relative),
+.Ar h
+(hard),
+.Ar s
+(symbolic),
+.Ar m
+(mixed).
+Absolute and relative have effect only for symbolic links.
+Mixed links
+are hard links for files on the same filesystem, symbolic otherwise.
+.It Fl M Ar metalog
+Write the metadata associated with each item installed to
+.Ar metalog
+in an
+.Xr mtree 8
+.Dq full path
+specification line.
+The metadata includes: the file name and file type, and depending upon
+other options, the owner, group, file flags, modification time, and tags.
+.It Fl m Ar mode
+Specify an alternative mode.
+The default mode is set to rwxr-xr-x (0755).
+The specified mode may be either an octal or symbolic value; see
+.Xr chmod 1
+for a description of possible mode values.
+.It Fl N Ar dbdir
+Use the user database text file
+.Pa master.passwd
+and group database text file
+.Pa group
+from
+.Ar dbdir ,
+rather than using the results from the system's
+.Xr getpwnam 3
+and
+.Xr getgrnam 3
+(and related) library calls.
+.It Fl o Ar owner
+Specify an owner.
+.It Fl p
+Use ("preserve") the source file's access and modification times for
+the destination file.
+.It Fl r
+Install to a temporary file and then rename the file to its final destination
+name.
+This can be used for precious files, to avoid truncation of the original
+when error conditions (filesystem full etc.) occur.
+.It Fl S Ar stripflags
+Pass
+.Ar stripflags
+as option arguments to
+.Xr strip 1 .
+When
+.Fl S
+is used,
+.Xr strip 1
+is invoked via the
+.Xr sh 1
+shell, allowing for a single
+.Fl S
+argument that the shell can then tokenize.
+Normally,
+.Nm
+invokes
+.Xr strip 1
+directly.
+This flag implies
+.Fl s .
+.It Fl s
+Execute the 
+.Xr strip 1
+command to strip binaries as they are installed.
+If the environment variable
+.Ev STRIP
+is set, it is used as the
+.Xr strip 1
+program.
+.It Fl T Ar tags
+Specify the
+.Xr mtree 8
+tags to write out for the file when using
+.Fl M Ar metalog .
+.It Fl U
+Indicate that install is running unprivileged, and that it should not
+try to change the owner, the group, or the file flags of the destination.
+The information that would have been updated can be stored in a log
+file with
+.Fl M Ar metalog .
+.It Fl v
+Cause
+.Nm
+to be verbose,
+showing files as they are installed or backed up.
+.El
+.Pp
+By default,
+.Nm
+preserves all file flags, with the exception of the ``nodump'' flag.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+utility attempts to prevent copying a file onto itself.
+.Pp
+Installing
+.Pa /dev/null
+creates an empty file.
+.Sh ENVIRONMENT
+.Bl -tag -width Fl
+.It Ev STRIP
+The program used to strip installed binaries when the
+.Fl s
+option is used.
+If unspecified,
+.Pa /usr/bin/strip
+is used.
+.El
+.Sh EXIT STATUS
+.Ex -std
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr chflags 1 ,
+.Xr chgrp 1 ,
+.Xr chmod 1 ,
+.Xr cp 1 ,
+.Xr mv 1 ,
+.Xr strip 1 ,
+.Xr chown 8 ,
+.Xr mtree 8
+.Sh HISTORY
+The
+.Nm
+utility appeared in
+.Bx 4.2 .