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+<table class="head">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="head-ltitle">TCP_RACK(4)</td>
+    <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
+    <td class="head-rtitle">TCP_RACK(4)</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<div class="manual-text">
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">tcp_rack</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">TCP
+    RACK-TLP Loss Detection Algorithm for TCP</span></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">To load the TCP stack as a module at boot time, place the
+    following line in <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>tcp_rack_load=&quot;YES&quot;</pre>
+</div>
+<p class="Pp">To enable the TCP stack, place the following line in the
+    <a class="Xr">sysctl.conf(5)</a>:</p>
+<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
+<pre>net.inet.tcp.functions_default=rack</pre>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">RACK-TLP uses per-segment transmit timestamps and selective
+    acknowledgments (SACKs) and has two parts. Recent Acknowledgment (RACK)
+    starts fast recovery quickly using time-based inferences derived from
+    acknowledgment (ACK) feedback, and Tail Loss Probe (TLP) leverages RACK and
+    sends a probe packet to trigger ACK feedback to avoid retransmission timeout
+    (RTO) events.</p>
+<p class="Pp">Compared to the widely used duplicate acknowledgment (DupAck)
+    threshold approach, RACK-TLP detects losses more efficiently when there are
+    application-limited flights of data, lost retransmissions, or data packet
+    reordering events.</p>
+<p class="Pp">It is intended to be an alternative to the DupAck threshold
+    approach.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="MIB_Variables"><a class="permalink" href="#MIB_Variables">MIB
+  Variables</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The algorithm exposes the following scopes in the
+    <var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack</var> branch of the
+    <a class="Xr">sysctl(3)</a> MIB:</p>
+<dl class="Bl-tag">
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.misc"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.misc</var></dt>
+  <dd>Misc related controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.features"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.features</var></dt>
+  <dd>Feature controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.measure"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.measure</var></dt>
+  <dd>Measure related controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.timers"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.timers</var></dt>
+  <dd>Timer related controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.tlp"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.tlp</var></dt>
+  <dd>TLP and Rack related Controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.timely"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.timely</var></dt>
+  <dd>Rack Timely RTT Controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.hdwr_pacing"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.hdwr_pacing</var></dt>
+  <dd>Pacing related Controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.pacing"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.pacing</var></dt>
+  <dd>Pacing related Controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.tp"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.tp</var></dt>
+  <dd>Rack tracepoint facility</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.probertt"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.probertt</var></dt>
+  <dd>ProbeRTT related Controls</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.stats"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.stats</var></dt>
+  <dd>Rack Counters</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.sack_attack"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.sack_attack</var></dt>
+  <dd>Rack Sack Attack Counters and Controls</dd>
+</dl>
+<p class="Pp">Besides the variables within the above scopes the following
+    variables are also exposed in the <var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack</var>
+    branch:</p>
+<dl class="Bl-tag">
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.clear"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.clear</var></dt>
+  <dd>Clear counters</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.opts"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.opts</var></dt>
+  <dd>RACK Option Stats</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.outsize"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.outsize</var></dt>
+  <dd>MSS send sizes</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.req_measure_cnt"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.req_measure_cnt</var></dt>
+  <dd>If doing dynamic pacing, how many measurements must be in before we start
+      pacing?</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.use_pacing"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.use_pacing</var></dt>
+  <dd>If set we use pacing, if clear we use only the original burst
+    mitigation</dd>
+  <dt id="net.inet.tcp.rack.rate_sample_method"><var class="Va">net.inet.tcp.rack.rate_sample_method</var></dt>
+  <dd>What method should we use for rate sampling 0=high, 1=low</dd>
+</dl>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
+  ALSO</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">cc_chd(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cc_cubic(4)</a>,
+    <a class="Xr">cc_hd(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cc_htcp(4)</a>,
+    <a class="Xr">cc_newreno(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">cc_vegas(4)</a>,
+    <a class="Xr">h_ertt(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">mod_cc(4)</a>,
+    <a class="Xr">tcp(4)</a>, <a class="Xr">tcp_bbr(4)</a>,
+    <a class="Xr">mod_cc(9)</a></p>
+<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">Neal Cardwell</span>,
+    <span class="RsA">Yuchung Cheng</span>, <span class="RsA">Nandita
+    Dukkipati</span>, and <span class="RsA">Priyaranjan Jha</span>,
+    <span class="RsT">The RACK-TLP Loss Detection Algorithm for TCP</span>,
+    <span class="RsD">February 2021</span>, <span class="RsO">RFC
+    8985</span>.</cite></p>
+<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">M. Allman</span>,
+    <span class="RsA">V. Paxson</span>, and <span class="RsA">E. Blanton</span>,
+    <span class="RsT">TCP Congestion Control</span>, <span class="RsD">September
+    2009</span>, <span class="RsO">RFC 5681</span>.</cite></p>
+<p class="Pp"><cite class="Rs"><span class="RsA">M. Mathis</span>,
+    <span class="RsA">Nandita Dukkipati</span>, and <span class="RsA">Yuchung
+    Cheng</span>, <span class="RsT">Proportional Rate Reduction for TCP</span>,
+    <span class="RsD">May 2013</span>, <span class="RsO">RFC
+  6937</span>.</cite></p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">tcp_rack</code> congestion control module
+    first appeared in <span class="Ux">FreeBSD 13.0</span>.</p>
+</section>
+<section class="Sh">
+<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
+<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">tcp_rack</code> congestion control module was
+    written by <span class="An">Randall Stewart</span>
+    &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:rrs@FreeBSD.org">rrs@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt; and
+    sponsored by Netflix, Inc. This manual page was written by
+    <span class="An">Gordon Bergling</span>
+    &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:gbe@FreeBSD.org">gbe@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</p>
+</section>
+</div>
+<table class="foot">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="foot-date">March 18, 2024</td>
+    <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>