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authorJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-25 19:59:05 -0400
committerJacob McDonnell <jacob@jacobmcdonnell.com>2026-04-25 19:59:05 -0400
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-<table class="head">
- <tr>
- <td class="head-ltitle">P9FS(4)</td>
- <td class="head-vol">Device Drivers Manual</td>
- <td class="head-rtitle">P9FS(4)</td>
- </tr>
-</table>
-<div class="manual-text">
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="NAME"><a class="permalink" href="#NAME">NAME</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><code class="Nm">p9fs</code> &#x2014; <span class="Nd">9P file
- system</span></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SYNOPSIS"><a class="permalink" href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">To use this filesystem, either add the following to the kernel
- config:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent"><code class="Cd">options P9FS</code>
-<br/>
-<code class="Cd">device virtio_p9fs</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">Alternatively, load the driver as a kernel module, either at boot
- time by adding the following to <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>virtio_p9fs_load=&quot;YES&quot;</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">or on system startup using the command:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li"># sysrc
- kld_list+=virtio_p9fs</code></div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="DESCRIPTION"><a class="permalink" href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The <code class="Nm">p9fs</code> filesystem uses the 9P protocol
- to mount a host file system directory into a <a class="Xr">bhyve(8)</a>
- guest. Multiple host directories can be accessed using the
- <a class="Xr">bhyve(8)</a> virtio-9p virtual PCI device. Each device is
- configured with a share name and a host directory path. The share name can
- be used with <a class="Xr">mount(8)</a> to mount the host directory in the
- guest:</p>
-<p class="Pp"></p>
-<div class="Bd Bd-indent"><code class="Li"># mount -t p9fs mysharename
- /mnt</code></div>
-<p class="Pp">Host directories can be mounted on system startup using
- <a class="Xr">fstab(5)</a> like this:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>mysharename /mnt p9fs rw 0 0</pre>
-</div>
-<p class="Pp">Using <code class="Nm">p9fs</code> as a root file system is
- supported by adding the following to <a class="Xr">loader.conf(5)</a>:</p>
-<div class="Bd Pp Bd-indent Li">
-<pre>vfs.root.mountfrom=&quot;p9fs:mysharename&quot;</pre>
-</div>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="LIMITATIONS"><a class="permalink" href="#LIMITATIONS">LIMITATIONS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The 9P protocol relies on stateful file opens which map
- protocol-level FIDs to host file descriptors. The FreeBSD vnode interface
- doesn't support this and <code class="Nm">p9fs</code> uses heuristics to
- guess the right FID to use for file operations.</p>
-<p class="Pp">This can be confused by privilege lowering and does not guarantee
- that the FID created for a given file open is always used, even if the
- calling process is using the file descriptor from the original open
- call.</p>
-<p class="Pp">In particular, accessing unlinked files using open file descriptor
- may not work correctly. If <code class="Nm">p9fs</code> is the root
- filesystem, it is recommended to use with <a class="Xr">tmpfs(5)</a> to
- ensure that temporary files created in <span class="Pa">/tmp</span> or
- <span class="Pa">/var/tmp</span> have the expected semantics.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="SEE_ALSO"><a class="permalink" href="#SEE_ALSO">SEE
- ALSO</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp"><a class="Xr">fstab(5)</a></p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="HISTORY"><a class="permalink" href="#HISTORY">HISTORY</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">The 9P protocol first appeared in the Plan 9 operating system.
- More recently, the protocol has been widely used with virtual machines to
- allow the use of host file resources inside a guest VM.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="AUTHORS"><a class="permalink" href="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">This is derived from software released by Juniper Networks, Inc.
- with many improvements and fixes from <span class="An">Steve
- Wills</span>.</p>
-<p class="Pp">This manual page was written by <span class="An">Doug
- Rabson</span>
- &lt;<a class="Mt" href="mailto:dfr@FreeBSD.org">dfr@FreeBSD.org</a>&gt;.</p>
-</section>
-<section class="Sh">
-<h1 class="Sh" id="BUGS"><a class="permalink" href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></h1>
-<p class="Pp">A better name for this filesystem would be
- <var class="Ar">9pfs</var> but for technical reasons, the names of
- filesystems must be valid C identifiers. As a compromise, the filesystem is
- named <code class="Nm">p9fs</code>.</p>
-</section>
-</div>
-<table class="foot">
- <tr>
- <td class="foot-date">November 7, 2024</td>
- <td class="foot-os">FreeBSD 15.0</td>
- </tr>
-</table>