.  \"ident	"%W%"
.  \"Copyright (c) 1984 AT&T
.  \"All Rights Reserved
.  \"THIS IS UNPUBLISHED PROPRIETARY SOURCE CODE OF AT&T
.  \"The copyright notice above does not evidence any
.  \"actual or intended publication of such source code.
.TH FILEBUF 3I+ "C++ Stream Library" " "
.SH NAME
filebuf \- buffer for file input/output
.SH SYNOPSIS
.ft B
.nf
.ta1i 2i
#include <iostream.h>

typedef long streamoff, streampos;
class ios {
public:
	enum	seek_dir { beg, cur, end };
	enum open_mode { in, out, ate, app } ;
	// \fIand lots of other stuff ... \fP
	} ;

#include <fstream.h>

class filebuf : streambuf {
public:
		filebuf() ;
		filebuf(int d);
		filebuf(int d, char*  p, int len) ;

	filebuf*	attach(int d) ;
	int	close();
	int	fd();
	int	is_open();
	filebuf*	open(char *name, open_mode om, int prot=0664) ;
	streampos	seekoff(streamoff o, seek_dir d, open_mode m) ;
	streampos	seekpos(strempos p, open_mode m ) ;
	streambuf*	setbuf(char* p, int len) ;
	int	sync() ;
};
.fi
.ft R
.SH DESCRIPTION
\f(CWfilebuf\fRs
specialize
\f(CWstreambuf\fRs
to use a file as source or sink of characters.
Characters are consumed by doing
writes to the
file, and are produced by doing
reads.
When the file is seekable, 
a \f(CWfilebuf\fR allows seeks.
At least 4 characters of putback are guaranteed.
When the file permits reading and writing the buffer permits
both storing and fetching.  No special action is required between
gets and puts.
A 
\f(CWfilebuf\fRs that is connected to a file descriptor is said
to be \fIopen\fR.
.PP
Assume:
.br
\(em \fBf\fR is a \f(CWfilebuf\fR.
.br
\(em \fBpfb\fR is a \f(CWfilebuf*\fR.
.br
\(em \fBpsb\fR is a \f(CWstreambuf*\fR.
.br
\(em \fBi\fR, \fBd\fR, \fBlen\fR, and \fBprot\fR are \f(CWint\fR
.br
\(em \fBname\fR and \fBptr\fR are \f(CWchar*\fR.
.br
\(em \fBm\fR is \f(CWopen_mode\fR.
.br
\(em \fBoff\fR is \f(CWstreamoff\fR.
.br
\(em \fBp\fR and \fBpos\fR are \f(CWstreampos\fR.
.br
\(em \fBdir\fR is \f(CWseek_dir\fR.
.PP
Constructors:
.TP
\fBfilebuf()\fR
Constructs an initially closed \f(CWfilebuf\fR.
.TP
\fBfilebuf(d)\fR
Constructs a \f(CWfilebuf\fR connected to \fBd\fR.
.TP
\fBfilebuf(d,p,len)\fR
Constructs a \f(CWfilebuf\fR connected to \fBd\fR
and initialized to use the reserve area starting at \fBp\fR and containing
\fBlen\fR bytes.
If \fBp\fR is null or \fBlen\fR is zero or less,
the \f(CWfilebuf\fR will be unbuffered.
.PP
Members: 
.TP
\fBpfb=f.attach(d)
Connects \fBf\fR
to an open file descriptor, \fBd\fR.
\fBpfb\fR is normally \fB&f\fR
but is 0 if \fBf\fR is already open.
.TP
\fBi=f.close()
Flushes any waiting output, closes the file descriptor, and disconnects
\fBf\fR. Unless an error occurs, \fBf\fR's error state will be cleared.
\fBi\fR is 0 unless errors occur in which case it is \f(CWEOF\fR . 
Even if errors occur
\fBattach\fR leaves the file descriptor and \fBf\fR
closed.
.TP
\fBi=f.fd()\fR
Returns \fBi\fR, the file descriptor \fBf\fR is connected to.
If \fBf\fR is closed \fBi\fR is \f(CWEOF\fR.
.TP
\fBi=f.is_open()\fR
Returns non-zero when \fBf\fR is connected to a file descriptor,
and zero otherwise.
.TP
\fBpfb=f.open(name,m,prot)\fR
Opens a file with the specified pathname, mode, and protection,
and connects \fBf\fR to it.
\f(CWopen_mode\fRs may be or'ed together to form \fBm\fR.  
\f(CWin\fR and \f(CWout\fR translate to corresponding UNIX modes.
\f(CWate\fR and
\f(CWapp\fR
both cause the file to be positioned
at its end during the open.  \f(CWapp\fR implies \f(CWoutput\fR.
In addition,
\f(CWapp\fR causes all subsequent
writes to occur at the end of a file.
(In some systems this is supported directly by the kernel, in other
instances the desired effect is approximated by seeking to the
end of the file before each write.)
\f(CWout\fR may be specified even if \fBprot\fR does not permit
output. 
Normally \fBpfb\fR is \fB&f\fR
but if an error occurs it is 0.
.TP
\fBp=f.seekoff(off,dir,m)\fR
Moves the get/put pointer as designated by \fBoff\fR and \fBdir\fR.
It fails if the file that \fBf\fR is attached to 
does not support seeking, or if the attempted motion
is otherwise invalid (such as attempting to seek to a position
before the beginning of file). 
\fBoff\fR is interpreted as a count
relative to the place in the file specified by \fBdir\fR
as described in \fIsbuf.pub\fR(3C++).
\f(CWm\fR is ignored.
\fBp\fR is the position after movement, or \f(CWEOF\fR if
a failure occurs. 
The position of the file after a failure is undefined.
.TP 
\fBp=f.seekpos(pos,m)\fR
Moves the file to a position \fBpos\fR
as described in \fIsbuf.pub\fR(3C++).
\f(CWm\fR is ignored.
Normally \fBp\fR is \fBpos\fR, but on failure it is \f(CWEOF\fR. 
.TP
\fBpsb=f.setbuf(ptr,len)\fR
Sets up the reserve area as \fBlen\fR bytes beginning at \fBp\fR.
If \fBptr\fR is null or \fBlen\fR is less than or equal to 0, the
\fBf\fR will be unbuffered.
Normally \fBpsb\fR is \fB&f\fR, but
it is 0 if \fBf\fR is open, and in the latter case no changes
are made to the reserve area or buffering status.
.TP
\fBi=f.sync()\fR
Attempts to force the state of get/put pointers of \fBf\fR to agree
(be synchronized) with
the state of the file \fBf.fd()\fR.  This means it
may write characters to the file if some have been buffered for
output or attempt to reposition (seek) the file if characters have
been read and buffered for input.  Normally \fBi\fR is 0, but it
is \f(CWEOF\fR if synchronization is not possible.
Sometimes it is neccessary to guarantee that certain
characters are written together.
To do this, the program should use
\fBsetbuf\fR
(or a constructor)
to guarantee that the reserve area is at least as large as
the number of characters that must be written together.
It can then do a \fBsync\fR,
followed by storing the characters, 
followed by another \fBsync\fR.
.SH CAVEATS
\fBattach\fR
and the constructors should test if the file descriptor they
are given is open, but I can't figure out a portable way to do that.
.PP
There is no way to force atomic reads.
.PP
Unix does usually report failures of seek (e.g. on a tty) and
so a filebuf does not either.
.SH SEE ALSO
sbuf.pub(3C++)
sbuf.prot(3C++)
fstream(3C++)