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diff --git a/static/v10/man1/make.1 b/static/v10/man1/make.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..66b14bda --- /dev/null +++ b/static/v10/man1/make.1 @@ -0,0 +1,425 @@ +.TH MAKE 1 +.CT 1 prog_c writing_troff prog_other +.SH NAME +make \(mi maintain collections of programs +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B make +[ +.B -f +.I makefile +] +[ +.I option ... +] +[ +.I name ... +] +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Make +executes recipes in +.I makefile +to update the target +.IR names +(usually programs). +If no target is specified, the targets of the first rule in +.I makefile +are updated. +If no +.B -f +option is present, +.L makefile +and +.L Makefile +are tried in order. +If +.I makefile +is +.LR - , +the standard input is taken. +More than one +.B -f +option may appear. +.PP +.I Make +updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files +that have been modified since the target was last modified, +or if the target does not exist. +The prerequisites are updated before the target. +.PP +The makefile +comprises a sequence of rules and macro definitions. +The first line of a rule is a +blank-separated list of targets, then a single or double colon, +then a list of prerequisite files terminated by semicolon or newline. +Text following a semicolon, and all following lines +that begin with a tab, are shell commands: +the recipe for updating the target. +.PP +If a name appears as target in more than one single-colon rule, it depends +on all of the prerequisites of those rules, but only +one recipe may be specified among the rules. +A target in a double-colon rule is updated by the following +recipe only if it is out of date with respect to the +prerequisites of that rule. +.PP +Two special forms of name are recognized. +A name like +.IR a ( b ) +means the file named +.I b +stored in the archive named +.I a. +A name like +.IR a (( b )) +means the file stored in archive +.I a +and containing the entry point +.I b. +.PP +Sharp and newline surround comments. +.PP +In this makefile +.L pgm +depends on two +files +.L a.o +and +.LR b.o , +and they in turn depend on +.L .c +files and a common file +.LR ab.h : +.PP +.EX +pgm: a.o b.o + cc a.o b.o -lplot -o pgm +.EE +.PP +.EX +a.o: ab.h a.c + cc -c a.c +.EE +.PP +.EX +b.o: ab.h b.c + cc -c b.c +.EE +.PP +Makefile lines of the form +.IP +.IB "string1 " = " string2" +.LP +are macro definitions. +Subsequent appearances of +.BI $( string1 ) +are replaced by +.IR string2 . +If +.I string1 +is a single character, the parentheses are optional; +.B $$ +is replaced by +.BR $ . +Each entry in the environment (see +.IR sh (1)) +of the +.I make +command is taken as a macro definition, +as are command arguments with embedded equal signs. +.PP +Lines of the form +.IB "string1 " := " string2" +occurring in a recipe are assignments: macro definitions +that are made in the course of executing the recipe. +.PP +A target containing a single +.B % +introduces a pattern rule, +which controls the making of names that do not occur +explicitly as targets. +The +.B % +matches an arbitrary string called the stem: +.IB A % B +matches any string that begins with +.I A +and ends with +.I B. +A +.B % +in a prerequisite name stands for the stem; +and the special macro +.B $% +stands for the stem in the recipe. +A name that has no explicit recipe is +matched against the target of each pattern rule. +The first pattern rule for which the prerequisites exist +specifies +further dependencies. +.PP +The following pattern rule maintains an object library where all the C source files +share a common include file +.LR defs.h . +.PP +.EX +arch.a(%.o) : %.c defs.h + cc -c $%.c + ar r arch.a $%.o + rm $%.o +.EE +.PP +A set of default pattern rules is built in, and effectively +follows the user's list of rules. +Assuming these rules, +which tell, among other things, how to make +.B .o +files from +.B .c +files, the first example becomes: +.PP +.EX +pgm: a.o b.o + cc a.o b.o -lplot -o pgm +.EE +.PP +.EX +a.o b.o: ab.h +.EE +.PP +Here, greatly simplified, is a sample of the built-in rules: +.PP +.EX + CC = cc + %.o: %.c + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $%.c + %.o: %.f + f77 $(FFLAGS) -c $%.f + % : %.c + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $% $%.c +.EE +.PP +The first rule +says that a name ending in +.B .o +could be made +if a matching name ending in +.B .c +were present. +The second states a similar rule for files ending in +.BR .f . +The third says that an arbitrary name can be made +by compiling a file with that name suffixed by +.BR .c . +.PP +Macros make the builtin pattern rules flexible: +.B CC +names the particular C compiler, +.B CFLAGS +gives +.IR cc (1) +options, +.B FFLAGS +for +.IR f77 (1), +.B LFLAGS +for +.IR lex (1), +.B YFLAGS +for +.IR yacc (1), +and +.B PFLAGS +for +.IR pascal (A). +.PP +An older, now disparaged, means of specifying default rules +is based only on suffixes. +Prerequisites are inferred according to selected suffixes +listed as the `prerequisites' for the special name +.BR .SUFFIXES ; +multiple lists accumulate; +an empty list clears what came before. +.PP +The rule to create a file with suffix +.I s2 +that depends on a similarly named file with suffix +.I s1 +is specified as an entry +for the `target' +.IR s1s2 . +Order is significant; the first possible name for which both +a file and a rule exist +is inferred. +An old style rule for making +optimized +.B .o +files from +.B .c +files is +.PP +.EX +\&.SUFFIXES: .c .o +\&.c.o: ; cc -c -O -o $@ $*.c +.EE +.PP +The following two macros are defined for use in any rule: +.TP +.B $($@) +full name of target +.PD0 +.TP +.B $($/) +target name beginning at the last slash, if any +.PD +.LP +A number of other special macros are defined +automatically in rules invoked by one of the implicit mechanisms: +.TP +.B $* +target name with suffix deleted +.PD0 +.TP +.B $@ +full target name +.TP +.B $< +list of prerequisites in an implicit rule +.TP +.B $? +list of prerequisites that are out of date +.TP +.B $^ +list of all prerequisites +.PD +.PP +The following are included for consistency with System V: +.TP +.B $(@D) +directory part of +.B $@ +(up to last slash) +.PD0 +.TP +.B $(@F) +file name part of +.B $@ +(after last slash) +.TP +.B $(*D) +directory part of +.B $* +(up to last slash) +.TP +.B $(*F) +file name part of +.B $* +(after last slash) +.TP +.B $(<D) +directory part of +.B $< +(up to last slash) +.TP +.B $(<F) +file name part of +.B $< +(after last slash) +.PD +.PP +Recipe lines are executed one at a time, each by its +own shell. +A line is printed when it is executed unless +the special target +.B .SILENT +is in the makefile, +or the first character of the command is +.BR @ . +.PP +Commands that return nonzero status +cause +.I make +to terminate unless +the special target +.B .IGNORE +is in the makefile +or the command begins with +<tab><hyphen>. +.PP +Interrupt and quit cause the target to be deleted +unless the target depends on the special name +.BR .PRECIOUS . +.PP +.I Make +includes a rudimentary parallel processing ability. +If the separation string is +.B :& +or +.B ::& , +.I make +can run the command sequences to create the prerequisites +simultaneously. +If two names are separated by an ampersand on the right side +of a colon, those two may be created in parallel. +.PP +Other options: +.TP +.B -i +Equivalent to the special entry +.L .IGNORE: . +.TP +.B -k +When a command returns nonzero status, +abandon work on the current entry, but +continue on branches that do not depend on the current entry. +.TP +.B -n +Trace and print, but do not execute the commands +needed to update the targets. +.TP +.B -t +Touch, i.e. update the modified date of targets, without +executing any commands. +.TP +.B -r +Turn off built-in rules. +.TP +.B -s +Equivalent to the special entry +.BR .SILENT: . +.TP +.B -e +Environment definitions override conflicting definitions in arguments +or in makefiles. +Ordinary precedence is argument over makefile +over environment. +.TP +.B -o +Assume old style default suffix list: +.L +\&.SUFFIXES: .out .o .c .e .r .f .y .l .s .p +.TP +.BI -P n +Permit +.I n +command sequences to be done in parallel with +.BR & . +.TP +.B -z +Run commands by passing them to the shell; +normally simple commands are run directly by +.IR exec (2). +.SH FILES +.F makefile +.br +.F Makefile +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IR sh (1), +.I touch +in +.IR chdate (1), +.IR ar (1), +.IR mk (1) +.SH BUGS +Comments can't appear on recipe lines. +.br +Archive entries are not handled reliably. |